# TECHARGE > PROGRAMMING | DESIGN | TECHNOLOGY ## Posts - [Understanding public static void main(string args[]) in Java](https://techarge.in/understanding-public-static-void-mainstring-args/): In this tutorial, you’ll understand about public static void main(string args[]) in java programming. The main() method is a special method in Java Programming that serves as the externally exposed entrance point by which a Java program can be run. To compile a Java program, you doesn’t really need a main() method in your program. But, while execution JVM ( Java Virtual Machine ) searches for the main() method and starts executing from it. In the above application example, we are using the public static void main. Each word has a different meaning and purpose. Public It is an Access Modifier, which defines who can access this… - [What is a FireWall and Its type?](https://techarge.in/what-is-a-firewall-and-its-type/): A firewall is a type of cybersecurity tool that is used to filter traffic on a network. Firewalls can be used to separate network nodes from external traffic sources, internal traffic sources, or even specific applications. Firewalls can be software, hardware, or cloud-based, with each type of firewall having its own unique pros and cons. The primary goal of a firewall is to block malicious traffic requests and data packets while allowing legitimate traffic through. How does a firewall work? Firewalls carefully analyze incoming traffic based on pre-established rules and filter traffic coming from unsecured or suspicious sources to prevent… - [C Storage Class](https://techarge.in/c-storage-class/): In this tutorial, you will learn about the scope and lifetime of local and global variables. What is C Storage Class? A storage class represents the visibility and location of a variable. It tells from what part of code we can access a variable. A storage class in C is used to describe the following things: The variable scope. The location where the variable will be stored. The initialized value of a variable. A lifetime of a variable. Who can access a variable Every variable in C programming has two properties: type and storage class. Type refers to the data… - [Python YouTube Downloader with Pytube](https://techarge.in/python-youtube-downloader-with-pytube/): In this article you will learn how to create Python YouTube Downloader with Pytube. Python YouTube Video Downloader is an application to download videos from YouTube. This provides users to download videos they need on their devices and watch them offline. To implement this project we use basic concept of python, tkinter, pytube library. To install the required modules run pip installer command on the command line: These are the following steps to build youtube video downloader project in python : 1. Import Libraries Start the project by importing the required modules. In this python project, we import Tkinter and pytube modules. 2.… - [Arrays in Java](https://techarge.in/arrays-in-java/): In this article, you will learn about arrays in java, Features of Arrays, Single Dimensional Arrays, Foreach loop and Multidimensional Arrays with examples. An array is a container object that contains the similar type of data. It can hold both primitive and object type data.Each item in an array is called an element and each element is accessed by its numeric index. Features of Arrays How to declare an array in Java? In Java, here is how we can declare an array. For example, Here, data is an array that can hold values of type double. But, how many elements can array this… - [Function in JavaScript](https://techarge.in/function-in-javascript/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is Functions , why we use function and when to use function in JavaScript and more. In programming world, you may required some piece of code again and again while developing software. It’s not good idea to write same code throughout different parts of program. Function are introduce to overcome this problem, which saves your time from copying, pasting, and repeating the same code throughout different parts of your program. Instead of looking for the different parts where your code could be, you only have to look at one particular place which makes… - [Prutor Python Quiz 1](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-1/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills.   Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [C++ Return by Reference](https://techarge.in/cpp-return-by-reference/): In this article, you’ll learn C++ Return by Reference, how to return a value by reference in a function and use it efficiently in your program. In C++ Programming, not only can you pass values by reference to a function but you can also return a value by reference. To understand this feature, you should have the knowledge of: Example: Return by Reference Output 5 In program above, the return type of function test() is int&. Hence, this function returns a reference of the variable num. The return statement is return num;. Unlike return by value, this statement doesn’t return value of num, instead it returns the variable… - [JavaScript MCQs I](https://techarge.in/javascript-mcqs-i/): Wonderful JavaScript MCQs Series for Beginner .Practice these MCQs to enhance and test the knowledge of JavaScript. 1.______________ is used to display whether a value is a number or not. Show Answer 3)isNan 2.Which type of JavaScript language is ___ Show Answer 2)Object-Based 3.What is right about variables? Show Answer 1)Variables are case sensitive 4.Is the given definition a valid variable definition? var 100apples Show Answer 1)No 5.Which one of the following also known as Conditional Expression: Show Answer 4)immediate if 6.Which statement has the correct JavaScript syntax? Show Answer 1)console.log(“text”); 7.In JavaScript, what is a block of statement? Show… - [What is Structured Walkthrough and it's Benefits](https://techarge.in/what-is-structured-walkthrough/): In this article, you’ll learn about Structured Walkthrough, Benefits of Structured Walkthrough and more. Ever wondered how software engineers catch mistakes in their work? Structured walkthroughs offer a solution. This collaborative technique involves a team of peers systematically reviewing a software project’s technical aspects. Their primary goal? To identify errors and improve the overall quality of the software. While solutions aren’t discussed during the walkthrough, pinpointing problems allows the creator to address them later, leading to a more polished final product. What is Structured Walkthrough A structured walkthrough, a static testing technique performed in an organised manner between a group… - [Python Input, Output, and Import](https://techarge.in/python-input-output-and-import/): Python provides numerous built-in functions that are readily available to us at the Python prompt. Some of the functions like input() and print() are widely used for standard input and output operations respectively. Python Output Using print() function We use the print() function to output data to the standard output device (screen), As follows Output Welcome to print screen In the same way, we can also print the values stored inside any variable. Output The value of a is 10 In the second print() the statement, we can notice that space was added between the string and the value of variable a. This is by default, but we can change it. The actual… - [E-commerce Introduction](https://techarge.in/e-commerce-introduction/): How the transform take place from traditional commerce to E-commerce,Two thousand years ago, Roman roads brought trade and commerce to Europe in an unprecedented manner. A thousand years ago, the spice routes linked the cultures of East and West. At the dawn of the second millennium, the Internet, the world’s largest computer network, the network of networks, is making fundamental changes to the lives of everyone on the planet-changing forever the way business is conducted. Internet has become an important medium for doing global business based on the state of the art technology. Global business was conducted in a new… - [Linear Search](https://techarge.in/linear-search/): Linear search is used on a collections of items. It relies on the technique of traversing a list from start to end by exploring properties of all the elements that are found on the way. For example, consider an array of integers of size N. You should find and print the position of all the elements with value x. Here, the linear search is based on the idea of matching each element from the beginning of the list to the end of the list with the integer x, and then printing the position of the element if the condition is `True’. Implementation: The… - [Python Dictionary](https://techarge.in/python-dictionary/): What is Python Dictionary? Dictionary in Python is an unordered collection of data values, used to store data values like a map, which, unlike other Data Types that hold only single value as an element, Dictionary holds has a key:value pair. Key-value is provided in the dictionary to make it more optimized. Note – Keys in a dictionary doesn’t allows Polymorphism. Creating Python Dictionary Creating a dictionary is as simple as placing items inside curly braces {} separated by commas. An item has a key and a corresponding value that is expressed as a pair (key: value). While the values can be of any data type and can repeat, keys… - [Infosys Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/infosys-interview-questions/): In this article, we’ll discuss about Infosys Interview Questions that are frequently asked by interviewer. About Infosys Infosys is one of the India’s leading technology company. Infosys Limited headquarters are in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Company trade name as “Infosys Technologies Limited.” This business provides consulting information technology and outsourcing services. Infosys Technologies Ltd was founded in 1981 and was previously known as Infosys. N. R. Narayana Murthy and a team of six other engineers created Infosys in Pune. The company was founded with a US$250 initial capital commitment. Infosys assists clients in more than 50 countries in developing and implementing various… - [C Programming Datatypes](https://techarge.in/c-programming-datatypes/): In C programming, datatypes are declarations for variables. This determines the type and size of data associated with variables. For example, Here, Var is a variable of int (integer) type. The size of int is 4 bytes. Basic types Here’s a table containing commonly used types in C programming for quick access. Type Size (bytes) Format Specifier int at least 2, usually 4 %d, %i char 1 %c float 4 %f double 8 %lf short int 2 usually %hd unsigned int at least 2, usually 4 %u long int at least 4, usually 8 %ld, %li long long int at least 8 %lld, %lli unsigned long… - [10 mostly asked questions related to WhatsApp](https://techarge.in/10-mostly-asked-questions-related-to-whatsapp/): In this article, we discuss 10 mostly asked questions related to WhatsApp. WhatsApp is a Facebook-owned mobile application that uses your mobile internet connectivity for the transformation of text, photos, files, and videos from one WhatsApp user to another. 1.  How can I hide my last seen details on WhatsApp? Click on the three dots given on the top right-most corner of your screen Go to “settings” Go to “Account” Click on “Privacy” Click on “Last seen” and choose a favorable Audience or whom You want to exclude from Your online status Settings>Account>Privacy>Last Seen 2.  How can I hide my… - [What is Cloud seeding? How does it works and it's Cost ?](https://techarge.in/what-is-cloud-seeding-how-does-it-works-and-its-cost/): In this article you’ll learn about Cloud seeding and process behind the cloud seeding. The United Arab Emirates’s National Center of Meteorology (NCM) used drones to coerce clouds into raining. For this, they charged clouds with electricity. In this process, drones are charged into the clouds to cause an electric shock due to which they clump together and cause rainfall.  Extreme weather conditions are being observed in several parts of the world in continents including North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Experts say climate change is to be blamed for such conditions. How Drones are used to induce rains ?… - [Network security model and its components](https://techarge.in/network-security-model-and-its-components/): In this article you’ll learn about Network security model and its components. A Network Security Model exhibits how the security service has been designed over the network to prevent the opponent from causing a threat to the confidentiality or authenticity of the information that is being transmitted through the network. When we send our data from source side to destination side we have to use some transfer method like the internet or any other communication channel by which we are able to send our message. The two parties, who are the principals in this transaction, must cooperate for the exchange to… - [C++ Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/cpp-interview-questions/): Most Frequently asked C++ Interview Questions and answers with code examples. C++ is a powerful and all-purpose programming tool developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs. This language is an extension of C and is by far one of the fastest object-oriented programming languages. C++ is super popular because of its high speed and compatibility. 2. What is the difference between C and C++? The main difference between C and C++ are provided in the table below: C C++ C is a procedure-oriented programming language. C++ is an object-oriented programming language. C does not support data hiding. Data is hidden by… - [CSJMU BCA 4 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/csjmu-bca-4-sem-question-papers/): CSJMU BCA 4 SEM QUESTION PAPERS BCA TUTORIAL  |  MCA TUTORIAL 2023 – 2024 BCA IV SEM COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND ANIMATION 2024 BCA IV SEM COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION 2024 BCA IV SEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2024 BCA IV SEM MATHEMATICS-III 2024 BCA IV SEM OPERATING SYSTEM 2024 BCA IV SEM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES BCA404N 2024 BCA IV SEM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES BCA4004 2024 BCA IV SEM SOFTWARE ENGINEERING BCA403N 2024 BCA IV SEM SOFTWARE ENGINEERING BCA4003 2024 2022 – 2023 BCA IV SEM COMPUTER GRAPHICS & MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS BCA101N 2022-23 BCA IV SEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BCA4002 2022-23 BCA IV… - [Graphic in CPP programming, Man up & up](https://techarge.in/graphic-in-cpp-programming-man-up-up/): View this post on Instagram A post shared by TECHARGE (@techargeofficial) Here is the source code, Hope you like this program,Happy Programming 🙂 Check out my python mini project ,Hope you love it https://techarge.in/python-projects/ - [Goto Statement in C Programming](https://techarge.in/goto-statement-in-c-programming/): The goto statement is another type of control statement supported by C. The control is unconditionally transferred to the statement associated with the label specified in the goto statement. SYNTAX goto labelname; labelname: A statement label is defined in exactly the same way as a variable name, which is a sequence of letters and digits, the first of which must be a letter. The statement label must be followed by a colon (:). Like other statements, the goto statement ends with a semicolon. EXAMPLE Print first N natural numbers in C programming using the goto statement. Output:- Enter a number:… - [What is JSON? - JSON Explained ](https://techarge.in/what-is-json/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is JSON, Exchanging Data, JSON Objects, Comparing JSON vs XML and more. What is JSON JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition – December 1999. It is a text format that is completely language-independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others.… - [Prutor Python Quiz 7](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-7/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [How to start a new YouTube Channel in 2024](https://techarge.in/how-to-start-a-new-youtube-channel-in-2024/): In this article, you’ll learn about How to start a new YouTube Channel in 2024. Create a new channel With a Google Account, you can watch and like videos and subscribe to channels. However, without a YouTube channel, you have no public presence on YouTube. Even if you have a Google Account, you need to create a YouTube channel to upload videos, comment, or make playlists. You can use a computer or the YouTube mobile site to create a new channel. Create a personal channel Follow these instructions to create a channel that only you can manage using your Google Account.  Follow these instructions to create a… - [Types of addresses associated with the layers of TCP/IP model](https://techarge.in/types-of-addresses-associated-with-the-layers-of-tcp-ip-model/): In this article, you’ll learn about Types of addresses associated with the layers of TCP/IP model. Each layer in the TCP/IP model uses an address for the efficient delivery of data between communicating nodes. The host-to-network layer (physical plus data link layer) relates to physical address, network layer relates to logical address, transport layer concerns with port address and application layer defines specific address. The description of these addresses is as follows:  Physical Address Logical Address Port Address Specific Address - [Amazing Code Snippets related to Christmas](https://techarge.in/amazing-code-snippets-related-to-christmas/): In this article, you’ll see different Amazing Code Snippets related to Christmas crafted with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. We’ll explore creative ways to transform your website with everything from delightful falling snow animations and twinkling lights to charming Santa icons and interactive Christmas tree decorations. So, whether you’re a seasoned developer or a curious beginner, this guide will equip you with the tools to bring the spirit of Christmas to life in your web projects. Let’s deck the digital halls and embrace the joy of the season with some dazzling code! Giggling Santa Claus Snippet Using this Pure CSS snippet you can… - [How to take a screenshot of a whole Web page in Chrome](https://techarge.in/how-to-take-a-screenshot-of-a-whole-web-page-in-chrome/): In this article, you’ll learn How to take a screenshot of a whole Web page in Chrome. Have you ever wanted to take a screen capture of a whole Web page, but could only capture what was on your screen? May for some advertisement purposes to show some of your website layouts. We’ll show you how to use a cool Google Chrome extension to capture a whole webpage. Screen captures can be immensely useful for education, support, presentations, etc. When capturing Web pages, your captures are typically limited to what is viewable on the screen. A Chrome extension by Google,… - [Linux Commands Cheat Sheet](https://techarge.in/linux-commands-cheat-sheet/): In this article you’ll go through the Linux Commands. This Linux Commands Cheat Sheet prepared in view of quickly catch up back the you might have forgotten. Linux commands are the essence of the entire GNU/Linux operating system used to administer the entire system. You may not know it, but most of the applications you run within the graphical user interface are executing Linux commands for you in the background to accomplish the given task. 1.File and Directory CRUD Navigation Commands CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. CRUD operations are said to be the basic operations on any file or… - [Carbon: Google programming language as a C++ successor](https://techarge.in/carbon-google-programming-language-as-a-c-successor/): Carbon, the latest programming language to be built within Google, was unveiled today as an experimental successor to C++. Family C Developer Google First appeared 19 July 2022 Preview release 0.1 / 19 July 2022 Typing discipline Static, nominative, partially inferred Implementation language C++ OS Cross-platform Filename extensions .carbon Website https://github.com/carbon-language/carbon-lang Influenced by C++, Rust Programming languages are constantly improving and developing, and have been replaced in recent years with models that are even easier to use. Apple’s own Swift language has opened up several possibilities to the less experienced that its predecessor, Objective-C, for example. Today, at the Cpp North convention in Toronto, as shared… - [Ellipse, Pie Charts, Tables and Scatter Plot in Matplotlib Using Python](https://techarge.in/python-ellipse-pie-charts-tables-and-scatter-plot-in-matplotlib/): In this article, you’ll learn about Ellipse, Pie Charts, Tables and Scatter Plot in Matplotlib using Python with examples. Ellipses in Matplotlib Matplotlib provides tools to plot ellipses, which are oval shapes defined by their center, major and minor axes, and rotation angle. This is useful in various applications, such as image processing and statistical analysis. In support of the mission Phoenix to Mars (which used Motplotlib to display ground tracking of spacecraft). Michael Droettboom built on work by Charlie Mood to provide elliptical arcs with an extremely precise 8-spline approximation (see Arc).which are insensitive to zoom level. Output: Pie… - [What is Artificial Intelligence?](https://techarge.in/what-is-artificial-intelligence/): Artificial Intelligence is by far one of the most fascinating and astounding creations ever made in the history of mankind. With the advent of its invention, there is still a large domain that is yet to be explored. It is impacting the future of virtually every industry and every human being is Artificial Intelligence. It is also known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0. It has been making deep strides in scientific and technological innovation across different fields. It is capable of bringing considerable transformations in the way civilian activities and military operations are conducted. “Our intelligence is what makes us human,… - [Outliers in Data mining](https://techarge.in/outliers-in-data-mining/): In this article, you’ll learn about Outliers in Data mining, different types of outliers ,Outlier Detection methods, Various causes of outliers in Data Mining and more. The data which deviates too much far away from other data is known as an outlier. The outlier is the data that deviate from other data. The outlier shows variability in an experimental error or in measurement. In other words, an outlier is a data that is far away from an overall pattern of the sample data. Usually, outliers are confused with noise( Noisy data is meaningless data ). However, outliers are different from noise data… - [Python : PathPatch ,3D plotting & StreamPlot in Mathplotlib](https://techarge.in/python-pathpatch-3d-plotting-streamplot-in-mathplotlib/): In this article, you’ll learn about PathPatch ,3D plotting and StreamPlot in Mathplotlib using Python with examples. Histograms The hist() function generates histograms automatically and returns the bin counts or probabilities. This demo shows a few optional characteristics in addition to the basic histogram: Output: PathPatch object In Matplotlib, you can use the matplotlib. path module to add arbitrary paths: Output: Three-dimensional plotting The mplot3d toolkit (see Getting Started and 3D Plotting) supports simple surface-inclusive 3d graphs with wireframe, scatter and bar charts. Output: Streamplot For displaying 2D vector fields, a stream plot or streamline plot is used. A few… - [C Programming language Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/c-programming-language-cheatsheet/): The C programming language is a computer programming language that was developed to do system programming for the operating system UNIX and is an imperative programming language. C was developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. Basics Sample C program Data types Types Data-type Basic int, char, float, double Derived array, pointer, structure, union Enumeration enum Void void 1. Basic Data types Data type Description Range Memory Size Format specifier int used to store whole numbers -32,768 to 32,767 2 bytes %d short int used to store whole numbers -32,768 to 32,767 2 bytes %hd long int used to store whole numbers… - [Convert an Image to ASCII art using Python](https://techarge.in/convert-an-image-to-ascii-art-using-python/): In this article, we’ll explore how to convert an image to ASCII art using Python. ASCII art is a technique that allows us to create images using a limited set of characters from the ASCII table. It’s been around since the early days of computing, and it’s still popular among programmers and artists alike. Before we dive into the code, let’s talk about the process of converting an image to ASCII art. The basic idea is to divide the image into small squares, and then replace each square with a character from the ASCII table based on the average brightness… - [Difference Between Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Encryption](https://techarge.in/difference-between-symmetric-and-asymmetric-key-encryption/): In this article you’ll learn about what is Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Encryption along with this learn about difference between them. Symmetric Key Encryption Encryption is a process to change the form of any message in order to protect it from reading by anyone. In Symmetric-key encryption the message is encrypted by using a key and the same key is used to decrypt the message which makes it easy to use but less secure. It also requires a safe method to transfer the key from one party to another. Asymmetric Key Encryption Asymmetric Key Encryption is based on public and private… - [45+ HR Interview Questions and Answer You Must Know](https://techarge.in/45-hr-interview-questions-and-answers/): In this article, you’ll be going through frequently asked HR Interview Questions, that are usually asked in any interview to check your mentally situation and behavior ,etc. To seek a good job and build a career in any industry, candidates need to crack the interview. So, We have compiled a list of commonly asked HR round interview questions and answers that an interviewer might ask you during any job interview. Candidates applying for the job from fresher level to advance level job are likely to be asked these HR round interview questions depending on their experience and various other factors.… - [Measures of Distance in Data Mining](https://techarge.in/measures-of-distance-in-data-mining/): In article you’ll about Measures of Distance in Data Mining, Euclidean Distance, Manhattan Distance and Jaccard Index and more. Clustering consists of grouping certain objects that are similar to each other, it can be used to decide if two items are similar or dissimilar in their properties. In a Data Mining sense, the similarity measure is a distance with dimensions describing object features. That means if the distance among two data points is small then there is a high degree of similarity among the objects and vice versa. The similarity is subjective and depends heavily on the context and application. For example, similarity among vegetables can be determined from… - [Group Decision Support System (GDSS)](https://techarge.in/group-decision-support-system-gdss/): In this article you will learn about Group Decision Support System (GDSS) ,Components Characteristics and also come through its advantages and disadvantages. The group decision support system’s tools and procedures help to improve the quality and effectiveness of group meetings. Some group decision-making procedures are supported by groupware and web-based technologies for electronic meetings and videoconferencing, although their primary function is to allow communication between decision-makers. Each participant in a group decision support system (GDSS) electronic conference is given a computer. The computers are linked to one another, as well as to the facilitator’s computer and the file server. At… - [How to Find Out Who Owns a Domain Name](https://techarge.in/how-to-find-out-who-owns-a-domain-name/): Ever found yourself wondering who owns a particular domain name? If yes then you are right place , Here you learn how to find out who owns a domain name. Can’t say I blame you — I’d often catch myself wondering the same thing whenever I came across a clever domain name. There are a few different ways to identify who owns a particular domain name, and I’ll share them with you today. Before we dive in, I want to be clear that I work for Network Solutions, a company that offers domain registration and domain-related services. First, let’s briefly look… - [What is System Analyst?- Definition, Role and Qualities](https://techarge.in/what-is-system-analyst-definition-role-and-qualities/): In this article you’ll learn about what is System Analyst, How Does Analyst Work, Roles of a Systems Analyst and their and Qualities. What is System Analyst The system analyst is overall responsible for the development of a software. He is the crucial interface between users, programmers and MIS managers. He conducts a system’s study, identifies activities and objectives and determines a procedure to achieve the objective. He has a very important role in the development of a system. A Systems analyst is a person who is overall responsible for development of a software. He is the computer professional charged… - [Git and Github 2024 Cheat Sheet](https://techarge.in/git-and-github-cheat-sheet/): Git is an open-source, version control tool created in 2005 by developers working on the Linux operating system; GitHub is a company founded in 2008 that makes tools that integrate with git. You do not need GitHub to use git, but you cannot use GitHub without using git. This cheat sheet features the most important and commonly used Git commands for easy reference. Installation and Guis With platform-specific installers for Git, GitHub also provides the ease of staying up-to-date with the latest releases of the command-line tool while providing a graphical user interface for day-to-day interaction, review, and repository synchronization. GitHub for Windows https://windows.github.com GitHub for Mac https://mac.github.com For Linux… - [ReactJs Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/reactjs-cheatsheet/): In this ReactJS Cheatsheet, you can review commands for creating react app, import, components, Props, Hooks, Conditional Rendering, and forms. Create React App Import Components Class component Functional component Props Note: Props are read-only Render Hooks Below is a sample code, which increases the count value when you click + and decreases the count value when you click Conditional Rendering Ternary Operator Usage of && && also used to execute a block of code only if condition is true. Forms Below is example of a simple form which displays the given name along with Hello. For example, if you give Foo in the input field,… - [ER (Entity Relationship) Diagram in DBMS](https://techarge.in/er-entity-relationship-diagram-in-dbms/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is Entity Relationship Diagram, what are the Components of ER Diagram and more. Peter Chen developed the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) in the 1970s and published his proposal for entity relationship modeling in a 1976 paper titled “The Entity-Relationship Model: Toward a Unified View of Data”.  What is Entity Relationship Model An Entity–relationship model (ER model) describes the structure of a database with the help of a diagram, which is known as Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram). An ER model is a design or blueprint of a database that can later be implemented… - [PyScript: Python in the Browser](https://techarge.in/pyscript-python-in-the-browser/): PyScript is a framework that allows users to create rich Python applications in the browser using HTML’s interface. PyScript aims to give users a first-class programming language that has consistent styling rules, is more expressive, and is easier to learn. PyScript Framework PyScript is a programming framework that is used to run Python inside HTML in the browser. PyScript was developed by Peter Wang, Philipp Rudiger, and Fabio Pliger. It was officially launched on April 30, 2022, at the Python US Conference (PyCon US 2022). Pyscript uses py-script tag or src to execute python code on a web page. This solves the problem of… - [10+ C Program to Print Patterns](https://techarge.in/c-program-to-print-patterns/): In this example, you’ll learn how to print patterns using C program such as half pyramids of numbers, inverted pyramids numbers, Inverted Half pyramid of Numbers, Hollow Half Pyramid of Numbers, Full Pyramid of Numbers, Hollow Full Pyramid of Numbers, Hollow Inverted Half Pyramid of Numbers in C Programming. To understand C Program to Print Patterns, you should have knowledge of the following C programming topics: Half Pyramid of Numbers 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 C Program To Print Half Pyramid of Numbers Inverted Half Pyramid of Numbers 1 2 3 4… - [Python | Pyplot in Matplotlib Tutorial](https://techarge.in/pyplot-in-matplotlib-tutorial/): In this article, you’ll learn about pyplot in Matplotlib, Formatting the style of your plot in Matplotlib, Plotting with categorical variables in Matplotlib, and Working with Text in Matplotlib. Introduction to Pylot Matplotlib.pylot is a set of functions which, make matplotlib work like MATLAB. Each pyplot function modifies the figure somewhat for example, creates a figure, generates a plotting area in a figure, plots certain lines in the plotting area, decorates the plot with labels, etc. Various states are maintained through function calls in matplotlib.pyplot. To keep track of things such as the current figure and plotting area and the plotting… - [Database Models in DBMS](https://techarge.in/database-models-in-dbms/): In this article, you’ll learn about Database Models in DBMS like Hierarchical database, Network database, Relational database and more. What is Database Models A Database model defines the logical design and structure of a database and defines how data will be stored, accessed, and updated in a database management system. Types of Database models Hierarchical Model A Hierarchical database arranges data in a tree-like structure, with a clear hierarchy. The data can be stored in a top-down or bottom-up format. It uses a parent-child relationship to represent the data, where each data item has a link to its parent item.… - [Automotive Network Exchange](https://techarge.in/automotive-network-exchange/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Automotive Network Exchange (ANX), How Automotive Network Exchange (ANX) works and more. ANXeBusiness Corporation (ANX) is the company that owns and operates the Automotive Network Exchange. Since 2006, ANX has expanded into other areas and now provides managed security, compliance and connectivity solutions to businesses in the healthcare, retail and automotive sectors. What is Automotive Network Exchange (ANX)? The Automotive Network Exchange (ANX), a large private extranet that connects automotive suppliers toautomotive manufacturers. Founded in 1995 by Automotive Industry Action Group (a consortium of major US auto companies), ANX since 1999 has… - [Currency Converter in Python](https://techarge.in/currency-converter-in-python/): Hope you are doing great! Today, We are going to see how can we create a Currency Converter in Python. For this, we need the tkinter module and currency converter module. Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. CurrencyConverter is a module used to convert one currency into another in order to check its corresponding value using the European Central Bank data. To install tkinter module python, type the below command in your terminal– To install CurrencyConverter module python, type the below command in your terminal– Source Code With Comments Output of… - [Different types of Database Users](https://techarge.in/different-types-of-database-users/): In this article, you’ll learn about Different types of Database Users like Database Administrator (DBA), Naive / Parametric End Users, System Analyst and more. Any user who uses database and takes benefits from the database is considered a Database Users. They can be programmers, scientists, engineers, business person or can be an employee. Different types of Database Users Database users in DBMS can be categorized based on their interaction with the databases. According to the tasks performed by the database users on the databases, we can categorize them into seven categories as follows: Let’s understand about each of them in brief, Who are Database… - [Data Mining Techniques](https://techarge.in/data-mining-techniques/): In this article, you’ll learn about Data Mining Techniques such as Classification, Clustering, Regression, Association Rules, Sequential Patterns, Prediction and more. Data mining is the process of finding patterns in large data sets using methods that combine machine learning, statistics, and database systems. It can help organizations understand past events.  Data Mining Techniques Data Mining Techniques are as follows: 1. Classification This analysis is used to retrieve important and relevant information about data, and metadata. This data mining method helps to classify data in different classes. 2. Clustering Clustering analysis is a data mining technique to identify data that are like each… - [Python : Introduction to Matplotlib Library Tutorial](https://techarge.in/introduction-python-matplotlib-library/): In this article, you’ll learn about What Is Python Matplotlib, What Is Matplotlib used for, Is Matplotlib Included in Python Types of Plots in Matplotlib and more. What Is Python Matplotlib? Matplotlib.pyplot is a plotting library used in the python programming language for 2D graphics. It can be used in python scripts, shells, servers for web applications, and other toolkits for graphical user interfaces. Installation:   Python Matplotlib : Types of Plots 1.Python Matplotlib: Bar Graph To compare data between various groups, a bar graph uses bars. When you want to calculate the changes over a period of time, it is well… - [Number Guessing Game using Python: A Fun Beginner Project](https://techarge.in/number-guessing-game-using-python-a-fun-beginner-project/): Learning Python and looking for a fun, hands-on project? Look no further! Building a number guessing game is a fantastic way to solidify your understanding of basic programming concepts like variables, loops, conditional statements, and user input. Plus, it’s a great way to introduce others to the world of coding! In this blog post, we’ll walk you through creating a simple number guessing game in Python. The Game The computer will generate a random number within a specified range (e.g., 1 to 100). The player has to guess the number. The computer will provide feedback, telling the player if their… - [How to Build a GUI Calendar Using Python](https://techarge.in/python-gui-calendar/): In this article, we will learn How to Build a GUI Calendar Using Python with help of tkinter module. Python offers multiple options for developing a GUI (Graphical User Interface). Out of all the GUI methods, Tkinter is the most commonly used method. Python with Tkinter outputs the fastest and easiest way to create GUI applications.  To create GUI Calendar Using Python, we will need To install Tkinter and calendar module, go to terminal and type, Code with comments for GUI calendar using Python Explanation of Code for How to Build a GUI Calendar Using Python Let’s a breakdown of the… - [Transposition Technique in Cryptography](https://techarge.in/transposition-technique-in-cryptography/): In this tutorial ,you’ll learn about variations of transposition technique, and we will also observe how the transposition technique is different from the substitution technique. Transposition technique(No replacement of character) is an encryption method which is achieved by performing permutation over the plain text. Mapping plain text into cipher text using transposition technique is called transposition cipher. On the one hand, the substitution technique substitutes a plain text symbol with a cipher text symbol. On the other hand, the transposition technique executes permutation on the plain text to obtain the cipher text. Transposition Techniques Rail Fence Cipher The rail fence cipher is the… - [Graphic in C++ Programming Self-driving Car](https://techarge.in/graphic-in-cpp-programming-self-driving-car/): In this article, you will learn how to make a Self-driving Car Using graphic in C++. It is a GUI Based Program in the C++ language. If you are a beginner and want to create graphics programming then probably this one is best for you. View this post on Instagram A post shared by TECHARGE (@techargeofficial) Source Code For Self Driving Car Using Graphics in C++ Explanation of Code The provided code animates a car moving across the screen. Here’s a breakdown: Libraries: Main Function: Graphics Setup: Animation Loop: “TECHARGE” Text (Commented Out): Car Body: Car Windows: Wheels: Delay and… - [Components of Data Communication](https://techarge.in/components-of-data-communication/): For making communication possible between two deceives over a network, We need a message, sender for sending message, receiver for receiving.. - [Python Operators](https://techarge.in/python-operators/): In this article, you’ll learn about Python Operators, Types of Operators in Python and more. Python Operators Operators are special symbols in Python that carry out arithmetic or logical computation. The value that the operator operates on is called the operand. EXAMPLE Here, + is the operator that performs addition. 2 and 3 are the operands and 5 is the output of the operation. Arithmetic operators Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. Operator Meaning Example + Add two operands or unary plus x + y+ 2 – Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x – y- 2 *… - [Data Representation in Computer Network](https://techarge.in/data-representation/): In this article, you’ll learn about Data Representation in Computer Network and more. When we use the internet or a local network, we’re sending and receiving different types of data: text, numbers, images, videos, and audio. To understand how this works, we need to know how computers represent these different types of data. Text Data Unicode: It is the universal standard of character encoding. It gives a unique code to almost all the characters in every language spoken in the world. It defines more than 1 40 000 characters. It even defined codes for emojis. The first 128 characters of… - [Python Keywords and Identifiers](https://techarge.in/python-keywords-and-identifiers/): In this article, you’ll learn about Python Keywords and Identifiers and more. Python, a versatile and widely-used programming language, relies on specific keywords and identifiers to construct its code. Python Keywords It’s difficult to neatly categorize all 35 Python keywords into a table because they serve vastly different purposes. However, Here we grouped them by general functionality to give you a better overview: Category Keywords Description Conditional Statements if, elif, else Control the flow of execution based on conditions. Loops for, while, break, continue, pass Iterate over sequences or execute blocks of code repeatedly. break exits a loop, continue skips… - [Computer Network and its Component](https://techarge.in/computer-network/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is Computer Network, Hardware Components Of Computer Network, Software Components Of Computer Network along with Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Network. The hardware and software needed to set up computer networks at homes and businesses are referred to as computer network components. The server, client, peer, transmission media, and connecting devices make up the hardware components. The operating system and protocols are examples of software components. Basically, a computer network is made up of several computers connected to one another so that resources and data can be shared. Wireless or cable-based media are… - [What is Network and Network Criteria](https://techarge.in/networks/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Network, Network Criteria, Distributed Processing, Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Network and more. In short we can say that network is interconnection of devices that can communicate. Distributed Processing Most networks use distributed processing, in which a task is divided among multiple computers. Instead of one single large machine being responsible for all aspects of a process, separate computers (usually a personal computer or workstation) handle a subset. Computer Network Criteria 1. Performance2. Reliability3. Security A network must be able to meet a certain number of criteria. The most important of these… - [Getting Started with Python](https://techarge.in/getting-started-with-python/): In this article, you’ll learn What is Python, Why Do I Learn Python, What is Python Used For and Some popular Python libraries for Scientific Computing. What is Python ? Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language, designed and created by Guido van Rossum in 1991. Python has an object-oriented approach aimed to help programmers to write clear and logical code. The language is dynamically typed and garbage collected in a general-purpose programming language. The language supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, structured, and functional programming. Python was conceived in the late 1980s as a successor of the ABC language. By 2000, advanced… - [Python GUI Calculator using Tkinter](https://techarge.in/python-gui-calculator-using-tkinter/): In this article, you’ll learn how to make a python program to create Python GUI Calculator Using Tkinter. What is Tkinter TKinter is widely used for developing GUI applications. Here Is the source for making a GUI calculator using python Tkinter library. Let install tkinter module ,to install it open command prompt Source Code with Comment for Python GUI Calculator using Tkinter OUTPUT So, here is our Python GUI Calculator. Simple isn’t it?? This is how we have successfully done with the ‘Python GUI Calculator using Tkinter’. I hope the Tkinter library is now more clear to you and don’t forget to try… - [Graphic Design Interview Questions and Answers](https://techarge.in/graphic-design-interview-questions-and-answers/): In this article, we’ll discuss about mostly asked Graphic Design Interview Questions and Answers. Why did you choose to become a graphic designer? A graphic designer must have creative zeal and passion towards their profession. Through this question, interviewers assess what drives the candidate. Share your experiences with design, educational background, and skills that make you a good graphic designer. Sample answer: I chose to become a Graphic Designer as it resonated with my creative zeal and allowed me to showcase my talent. I loved drawing and doodling ever since I was a kid. Graphic designing makes my interest a… - [What is functional programming?](https://techarge.in/what-is-functional-programming/): In the world of computer programming, different paradigms have emerged to solve complex problems efficiently. One such paradigm that has gained significant popularity and recognition is “Functional Programming.” Unlike the more traditional “imperative programming,” functional programming focuses on the evaluation of functions to perform tasks and emphasizes the use of pure functions, immutability, and higher-order functions. This article delves into the fundamentals of functional programming and its benefits in software development. What is Functional Programming? Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data. In other words,… - [What is JSP ? Feature , Advantages and Disadvantages](https://techarge.in/what-is-jsp-feature-advantages-and-disadvantages/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about What is JSP, Servlet vs JSP , Features of JSP, Advantages of using JSP and more. What is JSP JSP stands for JavaServer Pages is a Java standard technology that enables you to write dynamic, data-driven pages for your Java web applications.  Servlet vs JSP Servlet JSP Need to create a class No need to create a class Inherit HttpServlet class No need to inherit any class Override appropriate method No need to override any method Need Web.xml file No Need Web.xml file After manipulation need to recompilation or redeployment. No need to compile… - [Java Program to Swap Two Numbers](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-swap-two-numbers/): In this program, you’ll learn to make Java Program to Swap Two Numbers using temporary variable and well as without using temporary variable. Swap two numbers using temporary variable What You get as Output , After running the program Swap two numbers without using temporary variable What You get as Output , After running the program - [Best Online Code Editors For Web Developers](https://techarge.in/best-online-code-editor/): If you are a programmer some times you stuck due to your compiles got crashed or you have not IDE .To solve this problem, Here is list of 10+ Best Online Code Editors that can you use. Best Online Code Editors For Web Developers 1.Codiva Codiva is an online compiler and IDE for C, C++ and Java. Codiva provides the best balance on speed and functionality. The single biggest feature of Codiva is, it compiles as you type, parses the compilation errors, and shows it in the editor. By the time, you complete typing, you get the compilation results.It’s smooth… - [Value Chain of Porter -Porter’s Value Chain Analysis](https://techarge.in/value-chain-of-porter-porters-value-chain-analysis/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Porter’s Value Chain, 9 Steps of Value-chain of michael porter and more. Michael Porter’s Value chain concept is one of the most valued concept in today’s market because the value chain tells us how we can differentiate our products by analyzing the chain of events which occur within our company. As differentiation is very important in today’s saturated market, naturally Porter’s Value chain is being referred to in a lot of management studies. 9 Steps of Porter’s Value Chain Analysis The Value-chain of michael porter comprises of total 9 steps. The first 5 are the primary activities which are the basics in… - [Strategic Implications of IT](https://techarge.in/strategic-implications-of-it/): In this article we’ll learn about Strategic Implications of IT (Information Technology), E-Commerce Strategy Inputs, Business Environment and more. Information Technology initially used for automation, information and communication technology used for The use of IT and Communication Technology can have strategic implications for small and large organizations. The contribution of IT in business strategy for E-Commerce is defined as- E-Commerce Strategy Inputs Information Technology strategy becomes a central component in business strategy. The strategy input is categorized in three parts Business Environment Different types of Business Environment Internal environment The internal environment includes all those factors which influence business and… - [LinkedIn updated its mobile app and website new UI with many new features](https://techarge.in/linkedin-new-updates/): Today, LinkedIn done its major user interface change after five years for its web and mobile clients. The company says that this redesign comes from the previous refresh, and aims to make the experience “easy, inclusive, enjoyable”. As part of the refresh, the firm has enhanced its UI design that improved navigation, new features for search, and focuses on accessibility as well. The changes in the UI part are more rounded corners, larger icons, and warmer colors. The larger touch targets and overall UI changes help improve interaction capabilities for those that use accessibility features and for the differently-abled. A new, streamlined search… - [JDBC Components](https://techarge.in/jdbc-components/): In this article, you’ll learn about JDBC Components such as JDBC API, JDBC Driver Manager, JDBC Driver and JDBC Test Suite. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a standard API that allows Java applications to connect to and interact with various relational databases. It provides a set of interfaces and classes that simplify the process of database access in Java programming. Here are the core components of JDBC: 1. JDBC API The JDBC API is a collection of interfaces and classes that define how a Java application interacts with a database. It provides methods for connecting to a database, creating statements,… - [Mobile phone brands by country of origin](https://techarge.in/mobile-phone-brands-by-country-of-origin/): Whenever you buy a mobile phone, one question may come to your mind. The mobile you purchased is originated from which country. If you answer is YES , then you are landed on right place. So we have provided you a list of Mobile Phone brands by Country of origin. Even though the majority of mobile phones are manufactured in countries like China and Taiwan, most are not designed there. 1.Micromax – India Micromax Informatics is an Indian multinational manufacturer of consumer electronics and home appliances, headquartered in Gurgaon. It was established in March 2000 as an IT software company… - [Java Array Program to find average](https://techarge.in/java-array-program-to-find-average/): In this Example you will learn how to find average of temperatures using java array. Suppose you want to examine a series of high temperatures, compute the average temperature, and count how many days were above average in temperature. OUTPUT This program does a pretty good job. Here is a sample execution: How many days' temperatures? 5 Day 1's high temp: 78 Day 2's high temp: 81 Day 3's high temp: 75 Day 4's high temp: 79 Day 5's high temp: 71 Average = 76.8 But how do you count how many days were above average? This can be done… - [Types of JDBC drivers](https://techarge.in/types-of-jdbc-drivers/): In this article, you’ll learn about Types of JDBC drivers such as JDBC-ODBC bridge driver, Native-API driver,Network Protocol driver and Thin driver. JDBC driver is a software component which enables Java applications to interact with the database. There are four types of JDBC drivers Let have a deep look on each of the JDBC drivers 1. Type-1 Driver or JDBC-ODBC Bridge This driver acts as a bridge between JDBC and ODBC. It converts JDBC calls into ODBC calls and then sends the request to the ODBC driver. It is easy to use but the execution time is slow. 2. Type-2 Driver… - [Print emojis using python without any module](https://techarge.in/print-emojis-using-python-without-any-module/): In this, article you will learn how to print emojis using python without any module , with the help of UniCode. In python we have a module named as emoji which can be used to print the emojis, but we can also print emojis using python without help of that emoji module. Every emoji has it’s own specific unicode. So we can use that unicode in our python code to print the emoji. Unicode of any emoji contains one ‘+’ symbol, first we need to replace that symbol by three times ZERO (000). Now we just have to place that… - [Know IndiaAI : Deep look](https://techarge.in/know-indiaai-deep-look/): The National alliance of India where you can learn all about Indian AI, As today's world is on its extremities of development regarding the technology to enhance the knowledge of Artificial Intelligence so human society can be surplus and leveled up, so INDIA-AI is a mutual endeavor of  MEITY, NEGD, and NASSCOM. - [Introduction to JDBC](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-jdbc/): In this article, you’ll learn about basics of JDBC such as What is JDBC, Need of JDBC , JDBC Drivers and Applications of JDBC. What is JDBC? Need of JDBC It is important to understand why we need Java Database connectivity. Java applications are required to connect with databases. Java applications are written in Java programming language, but the database only understands Structured Query Language (SQL). In order to establish a connection between Java application and database, JDBC is used. JDBC contains a set of interfaces and classes which helps to connect Java applications to the database. JDBC Drivers As… - [Why Learn Data Structure and Algorithms?](https://techarge.in/why-learn-data-structure-and-algorithms/): Programming is all about data structures and algorithms. Data structures are used to hold data while algorithms are used to solve the problem using that data. Let’s start with this motivating quote: “Every program depends on algorithms and data structures, but few programs depend on the invention of brand new ones.” — Kernighan & Pike Data structures and algorithms (DSA) goes through solutions to standard problems in detail and gives you an insight into how efficient it is to use each one of them. It also teaches you the science of evaluating the efficiency of an algorithm. This enables you to… - [PreparedStatement interface](https://techarge.in/preparedstatement-interface/): In this article, you’ll learn about PreparedStatement interface in Java. The PreparedStatement interface is a subinterface of Statement. It is used to execute parameterized query. Let’s see the example of parameterized query: As you can see, we are passing parameter (?) for the values. Its value will be set by calling the setter methods of PreparedStatement. Why use PreparedStatement? Improves performance: The performance of the application will be faster if you use PreparedStatement interface because query is compiled only once. How to get the instance of PreparedStatement? The prepareStatement() method of Connection interface is used to return the object of… - [DIY Arduino Weather Station Using DHT11 Sensor](https://techarge.in/diy-arduino-weather-station-using-dht11-sensor/): In this article, we’ll know how to make our own DIY Arduino weather station using the DHT11 sensor in a step-by-step guide.  Components Required What is Arduino Weather Station? The weather station is a device used to sense the climatic conditions of a place such as temperatures, humidity, wind speed, etc. This can be customized on the need at a specific place. Here, we made a weather station for our small-scale application using Arduino and DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. Also, One can add a pressure sensor to determine the atmospheric pressure. How Does It Work? So we’ve got this ultra-low-cost… - [NodeJs Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/nodejs-cheatsheet/): This cheatsheet provides a comprehensive overview of Node.js, covering its core concepts, modules, and common use cases. It includes code snippets and explanations to help you quickly grasp and apply Node.js in your projects. Introduction to Node.js Node.js is a runtime environment that allows you to execute JavaScript code server-side. It’s built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine, making it incredibly fast and efficient. Node.js uses a non-blocking, event-driven I/O model, which makes it ideal for building scalable and high-performance network applications. Core Modules Node.js comes with a rich set of built-in modules. Here are some of the most important ones:… - [What is a Microcontroller and How Do It Work](https://techarge.in/what-is-a-microcontroller-and-how-do-it-work/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is a Microcontroller, How Do Microcontrollers Work, Where Are Microcontrollers Used and Why Are Microcontrollers So Popular. Ever wondered what makes your microwave beep when the timer runs out, or how your TV remote controls the channels? The answer lies in tiny but powerful devices called microcontrollers. These miniature computers are embedded in countless devices around us, performing dedicated tasks with impressive efficiency. Let’s dive into the world of microcontrollers and explore what makes them so essential.   What is a Microcontroller? Imagine a miniature computer on a single chip. That’s essentially what… - [What is Graphic Design, Elements, Principles and Purpose](https://techarge.in/what-is-graphic-design-elements-principles-and-purpose/): Graphic design is everywhere. From the logos that emblazon our favorite brands to the websites we navigate daily, it’s the silent language shaping our visual world. But what exactly is graphic design, and what makes it tick? What is graphic design Graphic design also called visual communication design means – among other issues – the art of layout and creating visual elements as in typography, images, colors, and shapes in order to effectively communicate pieces of information and express concepts. Developing the design of a magazine, coming up with a poster for a theater play, and packaging the item in… - [What is the Internet , IntraNet and ExtraNet](https://techarge.in/what-is-the-internet-intranet-extranet/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is the Internet , IntraNet and ExtraNet and more. The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consist of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony,… - [Publish Your Own Site For Free on GitHub](https://techarge.in/publish-your-own-site-for-free-on-github/): GitHub is not only a great place to store and share your code with others but they also offer free web hosting of your HTML, CSS, and JavaScript projects! What is GitHub?  Github is a web-based platform used for cloud-based Git repository hosting services. GitHub eases the process of working with teams and makes it easy to collaborate on projects. Basically, it is a place where you share and store your stuff and host your HTML, CSS, and javascript projects. What is GitHub Pages ? GitHub Pages is a static site hosting service that takes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files straight from… - [Interface in Java](https://techarge.in/interface-in-java-2/): As classes in Java cannot have more than one class.For instance , a definition like is not permitted in Java. Since multiple inertiance is an important concept in OOP paradigm ,Java provides an alternative approach known as interface to support the concept of multiple inheritance. An interface in Java is basically a kind of class. Interfaces can have abstract methods and variables. It cannot have a method body. (means that interfaces do not specify any code to implement these methods and data fields contain only constants). Therefore, it is the responsibility of class to implements an interface to define class that implements… - [Mastering Seo Writing: A Comprehensive Guide For Crafting Search-Engine Optimized Content](https://techarge.in/mastering-seo-writing-a-comprehensive-guide-for-crafting-search-engine-optimized-content/): SEO is something that frequently changes. New updates are released by search engines, especially Google, on a regular basis, and the way that sites are ranked on the SERPs is changed. However, there are some things that stay the same. There are some techniques and some strategies that you should apply the same way when writing content. We want to make this article evergreen and timeless, which is why we want to focus on the facets of SEO-optimized content that you can keep in mind all the time. Let’s get started. A Comprehensive Guide for Crafting SEO Content 1. Find… - [Types of Cloud Computing](https://techarge.in/types-of-cloud-computing/): In this article, you’ll learn about Types of Cloud Computing, Cloud Computing Deployment Models, Cloud Computing Models and more. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing in which resources is available over broad network access, these resources can be provisioned or released with minimum management efforts and service provider interaction.  Cloud computing is providing developers and IT departments with the ability to focus on what matters most and avoid undifferentiated work like procurement, maintenance, and capacity planning. Cloud Computing Deployment Models Public Cloud Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via the Internet using the pay-per-usage method. The third-party service providers… - [C++ Program to calculate the area using classes](https://techarge.in/cpp-program-to-calculate-the-area-using-classes/): C++ Program to calculate the area using classes in two ways, one with “using one class and one object” and another with “using one class ,two objects“. Using one class and one object. Output Using one class ,two objects Output - [Python if else](https://techarge.in/python-if-else/): In this article, you’ll learn about Python if else statement with syntax and examples. The Python if else statement executes a block of code, if a specified condition holds true. If the condition is false, another block of code can be executed using the else statement. Python if else is commonly used with operators, like the comparison or logical operators to create the conditional statements. Python if Statement The if statement is used to test a particular condition and if the condition is true, it executes a block of code known as if-block. The condition of if statement can be any valid logical expression that can be either evaluated to true or false. Python if… - [C++ Standard Template Library(STL)](https://techarge.in/cpp-standard-template-library-stl/): Standard Template Library STL has four components : At the core of the C++ Standard Template Library are following three well-structured components − Sr.No Component Description 1 Containers Containers are used to manage collections of objects of a certain kind. There are several different types of containers like deque, list, vector, map etc. 2 Algorithms Algorithms act on containers. They provide the means by which you will perform initialization, sorting, searching, and transforming of the contents of containers. 3 Iterators Iterators are used to step through the elements of collections of objects. These collections may be containers or subsets of… - [Java Event Handling](https://techarge.in/java-event-handling/): What is an Event? An event in Java is an object that is created when something changes within a graphical user interface. If a user clicks on a button, clicks on a combo box, or types characters into a text field, etc., then an event triggers, creating the relevant event object. This behavior is part of Java’s Event Handling mechanism . What is Event Handling? Event Handling is the mechanism that controls the event and decides what should happen if an event occurs. This mechanism have the code which is known as event handler that is executed when an event occurs.  How Events… - [7+ Best Graphic Design Software (Free and Paid)](https://techarge.in/7-best-graphic-design-software-free-and-paid/): Whether you need this software to help you start a blog like this one or edit product photos for your ecommerce business, selecting the best graphic design software can take your brand identity to the next level. A capable graphic design tool not only enhances efficiency, but it also helps in putting stunning creativity into real-world design. 1. Adobe Photoshop Adobe Photoshop is synonymous with photo editing for graphic designers. It is one of the most popular photo editing software tools in the market in a robust package that offers excellent graphic design capabilities. Key Features: Pros: Cons: 2. Adobe InDesign Adobe InDesign is a must-have software… - [C Structure](https://techarge.in/c-structure/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about C structure. You will learn how to define and use structures with the help of examples. What is a structure? A structure is a user-defined data type in C. A structure creates a data type that can be used to group items of possibly different types into a single type. How to create a structure? Before you can create structure variables, you need to define its data type. To define a struct, the struct keyword is used.Following is the syntax Syntax of struct EXAMPLE Here, a derived type struct House is defined. Now, you can create variables of… - [C++ Programming Notes Part II](https://techarge.in/cpp-programming-notes-intermidate/): Topic covered in this pdf are Concept of OOPs Classes Function Overloading Pointer to Object - [Word Dictionary using Tkinter](https://techarge.in/word-dictionary-using-tkinter/): In this article,we will learn how to create Word Dictionary using Tkinter in Python. As we know Python offers multiple options for developing GUI (Graphical User Interface). Out of all the GUI methods, Tkinter is the most commonly used method. It is a standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. PyDictionary is a dictionary (as in the English language dictionary) module for Python2 and Python3. PyDictionary provides the following services for a word: How we will proceed Syntax: # Button Button(Object Name, text=”Enter Text”,**attr) # Label Label(Object Name, text=”Enter Text”, command=”Enter Command” , **attr) # Frame Frame(Object… - [DNA of Things](https://techarge.in/dna-of-things/): In the article, You will learn about DNA of Thing(DoT), How this word come into existence ,what does this means, and more. What is DNA of Things? DNA of Things (DoT) was first introduced in the year 2019 by a team of researchers from Israel and Switzerland, under the guidance of Yaniv Erlich and Robert Grass. DoT is a process of encoding digital data into DNA molecules, which are then embedded into objects. This provides the ability to the object which carry their blueprint, identical to a biological organism. IoT and DoT It is somewhat similar to the Internet of… - [Beginner's guide to Hacktoberfest 2023](https://techarge.in/beginners-guide-to-hacktoberfest-2023/): Hacktoberfest is an annual event hosted by DigitalOcean and other companies  that aims to encourage developers to contribute to open-source projects and give back to the community. This time it’s 10th year in a row in partnership with GitHub and other companies, that it bring developers with the same mindset together from all over the world. Before going deep in about Hacktoberfest, Let understand What is Open Source? Open-source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. When some source code is made Open source, it includes permission to use, modify, contribute to the existing source code.… - [Operators in Java](https://techarge.in/operators-in-java/): Operators are special symbols that perform specific operation on one, two or three operands and give the results. Operator Precedence postfix expr++   expr– unary ++expr   –expr  arithmetic *   /   %   +   – shift <<   >>   >>> Relational <   >   <=   >=   instanceof equality ==   != bitwise &   ^   | logical &&   | | conditional ?   : assignment =   +=   -=   *=   /=   %=   &=   ^=   |=   <<=   >>=   >>>= Assignment Operator Assignment operator is used for assigning the value of any variable. It assigns the value on its right to the operand on its left. Example: int a =10; Arithmetic Operator Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operation.Example: +, -, *, /, % Example: Java program for arithmetic and assignment operator Output num1 + num2 : 21 num1 -… - [Schedule in DBMS](https://techarge.in/schedule-in-dbms/): As transactions are set of instructions and these instructions perform operations on the database. When multiple transactions are executing concurrently in an interleaved fashion, then the order of execution of operations from the various transactions is known as a schedule. (In short, it is a sequence of operations.) Types of Schedule 1. Serial Schedule The serial schedule is a type of schedule where transactions can begin only after the completion of previous transaction i.e. one after another. In the serial schedule, when the first transaction completes its cycle, then the next transaction is executed. For example:  In this schedule, There are… - [TAGS in JSP](https://techarge.in/tags-in-jsp/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about TAGS in JSP, Scripting Elements, Declaration tag, Expression tag, Scriplet tag and more. Writing a program in JSP is nothing but making use of various tags which are available in JSP. In JSP we have three categories of tags, they are as follows Scripting Elements Scripting elements are basically used to develop preliminary programming in JSP such as, declaration of variables, expressions and writing the java code. Scripting elements are divided into three types; they are declaration tag, expression tag and scriplet. Declaration tag Whenever we use any variables as a part of JSP… - [Top 10 Popular Python Interview Questions for freshers](https://techarge.in/top-10-popular-python-interview-questions-for-freshers/): Have an important interview for Python and don't know what to prepare? Read on for top Python interview questions trending in 2022. Best of luck! - [Inheritance types in C++](https://techarge.in/inheritance-types-in-cpp/): In this tutorial, we will learn about different Inheritance types in C++ programming: Single, Multiple, Multilevel and Hierarchical inheritance with examples. Types Of Inheritance C++ supports five types of inheritance: Single inheritance Multiple inheritance Hierarchical inheritance Multilevel inheritance Hybrid inheritance C++ Single Inheritance Single inheritance is defined as the inheritance in which a derived class is inherited from the only one base class. class A { ... .. ... }; class B: public A { ... .. ... }; EXAMPLE : C++ Single Level Inheritance When one class inherits another class, it is known as single level inheritance. Let’s see the… - [Essential steps to the Data mining process](https://techarge.in/essential-steps-to-the-data-mining-process/): Essential steps of the data mining process are as follows 1. Business understanding In the business understanding phase: First, it is required to understand business objectives clearly and find out what are the business’s needs. Next, assess the current situation by finding the resources, assumptions, constraints and other important factors which should be considered. Then, from the business objectives and current situations, create data mining goals to achieve the business objectives within the current situation. Finally, a good data mining plan has to be established to achieve both business and data mining goals. The plan should be as detailed as… - [C++ OPPs](https://techarge.in/cpp-opps/): In this tutorial, we will learn about different concept of Object-Oriented Programming in C++. OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming. Procedural programming is about writing procedures or functions that perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and functions. Object Oriented Programming is a paradigm that provides many concepts such as inheritance, data binding, polymorphism etc. The programming paradigm where everything is represented as an object is known as truly object-oriented programming language. Smalltalk is considered as the first truly object-oriented programming language. OOP’s has several advantages over procedural programming: OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System) Object means… - [Lock Based Protocols in DBMS](https://techarge.in/lock-based-protocols/): In Lock Based protocols, any transaction cannot read or write data until it acquires an appropriate lock on it. There are two types of locks: 1. Shared lock: It is also known as a Read-only lock. In a shared lock, the data item can only read by the transaction. It can be shared between the transactions because when the transaction holds a lock, then it can’t update the data on the data item. 2. Exclusive lock: In the exclusive lock, the data item can be both reads as well as written by the transaction. This lock is exclusive, and in… - [Relational DBMS](https://techarge.in/relational-dbms/): The word RDBMS is stands as ‘Relational Database Management System.’ It is represented as a table that contains rows and column. RDBMS is based on the Relational model; it was introduced by E. F. Codd. Components of a relational database are : Table Record/ Tuple Field/Column name /Attribute Instance Schema Keys An RDBMS is a tabular DBMS that maintains the security, integrity, accuracy, and consistency of the data. All modern database management systems like SQL, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, ORACLE, My-SQL and Microsoft Access are based on RDBMS. What is Instances and Scheme ? The collection of information stored… - [CSJMU BCA 6 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/csjmu-bca-6-sem-question-papers/): CSJMU BCA 6 SEM QUESTION PAPERS BCA TUTORIAL  |  MCA TUTORIAL 2024 – 2025 BCA VI SEM DATA SCIENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING BCA6004 2024-25 BCA VI SEM E-COMMERCE BCA6003 2024-25 BCA VI SEM INFORMATION AND CYBER SECURITY BCA6001 2024-25 BCA VI SEM INTERNET OF THINGS BCA6002 2024-25 2023 – 2024 BCA VI SEM COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY 2024 BCA VI SEM DATA SCIENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING 2024 BCA VI SEM E-COMMERCE BCA603N 2024 BCA VI SEM E-COMMERCE BCA6003 2024 BCA VI SEM INFORMATION & CYBER SECURITY 2024 BCA VI SEM INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 2024 BCA VI SEM INTERNET… - [LUCKNOW BCA 2 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/lucknow-bca-2-sem-question-papers/): LUCKNOW BCA 2 SEM QUESTION PAPERS 2018 BCA-2-SEM-C-PROGRAMMING-6486-2018BCA-2-SEM-DIGITAL-ELECTRONICS-AND-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-6487-2018 BCA-2-SEM-FINANCIAL-ACCOUNTING-AND-MANAGEMENT-6489-2018 BCA-2-SEM-MANAGEMENT-INFORMATION-SYSTEM-6488-2018 BCA-2-SEM-MATHEMATICS-2-6490-2018 2017 COMING SOON 2016 COMMING SOON - [Javascript Program to Generate a Random Number](https://techarge.in/javascript-program-to-generate-a-random-number/): In this example, you will learn to generate a random number in JavaScript. For this example, we are using two pre-defined libraries as follows: JavaScript Math random() JavaScript Math floor() In JavaScript, you can generate a random number with the Math.random() function. Math.random() returns a random floating-point number ranging from 0 to less than 1 (inclusive of 0 and exclusive of 1) Generate a Random Number Output 0.5856407221615856 Here, we have declared a variable a and assigned it a random number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. Get a Random Number between 1 and 20 Output Random value between 1 and 20 is 12.392579122270686 This will show a random floating-point number… - [Switch Statement in C](https://techarge.in/switch-statement-in-c/): In this article, you’ll learn about Switch Statement in C, its syntax along with example. C switch statement is used when you have multiple possibilities for the if statement. Switch case will allow you to choose from multiple options. When we compare it to a general electric switchboard, you will have many switches in the switchboard but you will only select the required switch, similarly, the switch case allows you to set the necessary statements for the user. Syntax: switch (n) { case 1: // code to be executed if n = 1; break; case 2: // code to be… - [CSJMU BCA 5 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/csjmu-bca-5-sem-question-papers-2/): CSJMU BCA 5 SEM QUESTION PAPERS 2021 BCA-5-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-DBMS-BCA-501N-APR-2021 BCA-5-SEM-COMPUTER-NETWORK-BCA-503N-APR-2021 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-DEC-2021 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-2021 2019 BCA-5-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-DBMS-BCA-501N-DEC-2019 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-DEC-2019 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-DEC-2019 2018 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-2018 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-2018 2017 BCA-5-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-DBMS-BCA-501N-DEC-2017 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-DEC-2017 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-DEC-2017 2016 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-2016 - [Features of Java Programming](https://techarge.in/features-of-java-programming/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about the features of Java. What makes java popular in the world of programming. Features of java Java is a simple language Java is easy to learn and its syntax is clear and concise. It is based on C++ (so it is easier for programmers who know C++). Java has removed many confusing and rarely-used features e.g. explicit pointers, operator overloading, etc. Java also takes care of memory management and it also provides an automatic garbage collector. This collects the unused objects automatically. Java is a distributed language It is distributed because it encourages users to… - [Python Roadmap 2022](https://techarge.in/python-roadmap-2022/): Do you want to become a Python developer but don’t know where to start? If that’s the case, you’re in the right place. In this Python roadmap 2022, I will show you everything you need to know in order to become a python developer. Let’s jump right into it! Step 1: Introduction First introduce yourself to the fundamentals of Python, what makes it so massively popular, and its benefits and limitations. It also compares Python with other languages like Java, Scala, and R. Introduction to Python Python Environment Setup Features of Python Basic Python Syntax Statements, Indentation, and Comments 7 Reasons to Learn Python Benefits and… - [Ceil and Floor functions in C++](https://techarge.in/ceil-and-floor-functions-in-cpp-2/): The floor and ceiling functions map a real number to the greatest preceding or the least succeeding integer, respectively. floor(x) : Returns the largest integer that is smaller than or equal to x (i.e : rounds downs the nearest integer). // Here x is the floating point value. // Returns the largest integer smaller // than or equal to x double floor(double x) Examples of Floor: Input : 3.5 Output : 3 Input : -3.1 Output : -4 Input : 1.9 Output : 1 Output: Floor is : 3 Floor is : -4 ceil(x) : Returns the smallest integer that is greater… - [Procurement Management](https://techarge.in/procurement-management/): In this article , we will learn about Procurement Management , how does it works ,what is E -procurement, it’s tool and techniques that are used during the Procurement . Many organizations employ various management techniques to carry out the efficient functioning of their departments. Procurement management is one such form of management, where goods and services are acquired from a different organization or firm. Procurement also involves the purchase of temporary labor, energy, vehicle leases, and more. Companies negotiate discount contracts for some goods and services, and buy others on the spot. Procurement can be an important part of… - [MySQL Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/mysql-cheatsheet/): MySQL is an open-source relational database management system. Its name is a combination of “My”, the name of co-founder Michael Widenius’s daughter, and “SQL”, the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data types may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data. SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the relational database, as well as control user access to the database Connecting to Database using command-line client To exit from mysql command-line clientexit; To creen console window on Linux… - [Top Sites From Where You Can Learn](https://techarge.in/top-sites-from-where-you-can-learn/): The advanced technologies have opened new doors for learning opportunities.Back in the day, it was not easy to learn something new but you can learn online. - [Applet in Java](https://techarge.in/applet-in-java/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Applet in Java, Advantages of Applets, Lifecycle of Java Applet, Graphics in Applet along with examples and more. Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in the webpage to generate the dynamic content. It runs inside the browser and works at client side. Advantages of Applets Lifecycle of Java Applet Following are the stages in Applet A Simple Applet Every Applet application must import two packages – java.awt and java.applet. java.awt.* imports the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) classes. Applets interact with the user (either directly or indirectly) through the AWT. The AWT contains support for… - [Postfix Increment ++ Operator Overloading](https://techarge.in/postfix-increment-operator-overloading/): Overloading of increment operator up to this point is only true if it is used in prefix form. This is the modification of above program to make this work both for prefix form and postfix form. Output When increment operator is overloaded in prefix form; Check operator ++ () is called but, when increment operator is overloaded in postfix form; Check operator ++ (int) is invoked. Notice, the int inside bracket. This int gives information to the compiler that it is the postfix version of operator. Don’t confuse this int doesn’t indicate integer. - [SARS : The first pandemic outbreak of Corona virus](https://techarge.in/sars-the-first-pandemic-outbreak-of-coronavirus/): The first outbreak took place in Guangdong, China, concurring a few records the infection started from palm civets and further spread through human to human contacts. SARS was removed from Guangdong by the contaminated specialist who rewarded SARS patients. - [Reliance Jio launches streaming platform JioGamesWatch](https://techarge.in/reliance-jio-launches-streaming-platform-jiogameswatch/): Reliance Jio has introduced JioGamesWatch under its JioGames offering — with an aim to bring an immersive and interactive game streaming experience through the click of a button across multiple Jio devices. JioGamesWatch brings you the best gaming content live in high quality. Watch & engage with your favourite content creators live on JioGamesWatch.Navigate to JioGamesWatch section in JioGames app’s bottom right corner. Download:https://t.co/uE4xWrTC1Z#JioGamesWatch #JioGames pic.twitter.com/A9u1KU7mKW — JioGames (@jiogames) August 6, 2022 Similar to Twitch, JioGamesWatch will offer game-streaming in an easy-to-use, convenient way. “The platform has set its sights on empowering and enabling creators to go live, with any… - [Python text to Speech](https://techarge.in/python-text-to-speech/): In this article, you’ll learn how we can create a program which convert text to Speech using Python. Text to speech is a process to convert any text into voice. Text to speech project takes words on digital devices and convert them into audio with a button click or finger touch. Text to speech python project is very helpful for people who are struggling with reading. To implement this project, we will use the basic concepts of Python, Tkinter, gTTS, and playsound libraries. To install the required libraries, you can use pip install command: In this project, we add a… - [Insertion sort](https://techarge.in/insertion-sort/): Insertion sort is based on the idea that one element from the input elements is consumed in each iteration to find its correct position i.e, the position to which it belongs in a sorted array. It iterates the input elements by growing the sorted array at each iteration. It compares the current element with the largest value in the sorted array. If the current element is greater, then it leaves the element in its place and moves on to the next element else it finds its correct position in the sorted array and moves it to that position. This is… - [Conditional Statements in JavaScript](https://techarge.in/conditional-statements-in-javascript/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is Conditional Statements in JavaScript, how to use Conditional Statement and when to use and more. In JavaScript, there are their so many conditional statements. We will discuss each of them one by one. Types of Conditionals Statement 1. If statement The if statement is used when we want a block of code to be run as long as the condition it true. Let’s understand with example, 2. If-else statement The if-else statement is used when we want a block of code to be run as long as the condition is true and conditions don’t satisfies else… - [Functional Dependency](https://techarge.in/functional-dependency/): The functional dependency is a relationship that exists between two attributes. It typically exists between the primary key and non-key attribute within a table. Introduced by E. F. Codd, it helps in preventing data redundancy and gets to know about bad designs. Bad DBMS designs have plenty of disadvantages while querying, as well as make it impossible to implement any potential upgrades. Functional Dependency is represented by  → (arrow sign). To understand this concept ,Let us assume X is a relation with attributes A and B . Then the following function dependency between attributes can be represent by A → B… - [Top 8 Programming Languages That Will Rule in 2024](https://techarge.in/top-8-programming-languages-that-will-rule-in-2024/): Pretty much sure, almost everyone knows that in today’s digitally advanced world how technology is changing at a rapid pace. It has become quite normal to watch alternative technologies surpassing each other frequently with regular updates & advancements. Amidst all this, there comes a domain that gets affected a lot with such a volatile nature of the tech world – and that is Programming Language! Yes, Programming Language is the most important prerequisite for almost every discipline whether it be Web Development, Machine Learning, Data Science, or any other. And, every year, we see how the ranking of these Programming Languages… - [What is Algorithm and its Characteristics](https://techarge.in/what-is-algorithm-and-its-characteristics/): An algorithm is a well-ordered collection of unambiguous and effectively computable operations that when executed produces a result and halts in a finite amount of time. Characteristics of Algorithms Algorithms are well-ordered. Algorithms have unambiguous operations. Algorithms have effectively computable operations. Algorithms produce a result. Algorithms halt in a finite amount of time. These characteristics need a little more explanation, so we will look at each one in detail. Algorithms are well-ordered Since an algorithm is a collection of operations or instructions, we must know the correct order in which to execute the instructions. If the order is unclear, we… - [Congestion in Computer Network](https://techarge.in/computer-network-congestion/): Effects of Congestion As delay increases, performance decreases. If delay increases, retransmission occurs, making the situation worse. - [Javascript Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/javascript-cheatsheet/): JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm. It has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. It also called as is the Programming Language for the Web. JavaScript can update and change both HTML and CSS. JavaScript can calculate, manipulate and validate data. Data Types Javascript is a dynamically typed language and hence though there are data types, variables are not bound to them. Data Type Description number Represents numbers like integers, floating-values etc string Represents one or more characters bigint Represents integers of arbitrary length… - [C++ Program to implements Constructor](https://techarge.in/cpp-program-to-implement-constructor/): Here, we are initializing the parameter of rectangle to calculate area using constructor. Output - [Implementing Interfaces in Java](https://techarge.in/implementing-interfaces-in-java/): Interface are used as “superclasses” whose properties are inherited by classes. It is necessary to create a class that inherits the given interface. Let have a look ,how can be this done - [What is Joint Application Development ?](https://techarge.in/what-is-joint-application-development/): In this article you’ll learn about Joint Application Development (JAD), Participants in a JAD , Phases of JAD as well Benefits and drawbacks of Joint Application Development According to Caphers Jones, “JAD can reduce scope creep by 50%, and it avoids the requirement for a system from being too specific or too vague, both of which cause trouble during later stages of the SDLC”. JAD is structured process in which 10 to 20 users meet under the direction of a facilitator skilled in JAD techniques. JAD groups meets for several hours, several days, several weeks until of the issues have… - [C Programming Keywords and Identifiers](https://techarge.in/c-programming-keywords-and-identifiers/): In this article, you’ll learn about C Programming Keywords and Identifiers. Character set A character set is a set of alphabets, letters and some special characters that are valid in C language. Alphabets Uppercase: A B C ................................... X Y Z Lowercase: a b c ...................................... x y z C accepts both lowercase and uppercase alphabets as variables and functions. Digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Special Characters , < > . _ ( ) ; $ : % [ ] # ? ‘ & { } “ ^ ! * / | – \… - [Business Strategy in an Electronic Age](https://techarge.in/business-strategy-in-an-electronic-age/): An e-business strategy defines a long-term plan for putting in place the right digital technology for a company to manage it’s electronic communications with all partners – that’s internal through the intranet and externally through to customers, suppliers and other partners. Definition of supply chain management by Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals Supply Chain Management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. In essence, supply chain management… - [JavaScript Data Types](https://techarge.in/javascript-data-types/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about JavaScript primitive and non-primitive data types including String, Number, Boolean, Null, Undefined, Symbol, Object, Array, Function, RegEx, Date. Understand data types of JavaScript in depth in a simple way. A value in JavaScript is always of a certain type. For example, a string or a number. JavaScript provides different data types to hold different types of values. There are two types of data types in JavaScript. Primitive data type Non-primitive (reference) data type JavaScript has the primitive data types JavaScript is a dynamically typed language. It means that a variable doesn’t associate with a… - [CSJMU BCA 1 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/csjmu-bca-1-sem-question-papers/): CSJMU BCA 1 SEM QUESTION PAPERS BCA TUTORIAL  |  MCA TUTORIAL 2024 – 2025 BCA I SEM BUSINESS COMMUNICATION 2024-25 BCA I SEM C PROGRAMMING 2024-25 BCA I SEM COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL 2024-25 BCA I SEM MATHEMATICS I 2024-25 BCA I SEM PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 2024-25 [my_ads1] 2023 – 2024 BCA I SEM C PROGRAMMING 2023-2024 BCA I SEM MATHEMATICS -I BCA105N 2023-24 BCA I SEM PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 2023-24 BCA I SEM BUSINESS COMMUNICATION BCA1004 2023-24 BCA I SEM BUSINESS COMMUNICATION BCA104N 2023-24 BCA I SEM COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL AND OFFICE AUTOMATION 2023-24 BCA I SEM COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROBLEM SOLVING… - [Extracting a piece of String in python](https://techarge.in/extracting-a-piece-of-string-in-python/): String manipulation is a fundamental skill in programming, and Python provides a rich set of tools for working with strings. One common task is extracting a portion of a string, which can be achieved through various methods and techniques. In this article, we will explore different ways to extract substrings from a larger string using Python. Indexing and Slicing Python strings are sequences of characters, and you can access individual characters using indexing. Indexing starts from 0 for the first character and goes up to len(string) - 1 for the last character. To extract a single character, you can use… - [Draw animation circles using C++ GUI Graphics](https://techarge.in/draw-animation-circles-using-cpp-gui-graphics/): Here you will learn how to draw animation circles using C++ GUI Graphics Library . Write a Program to draw animation using increasing circles filled with different colors and patterns. OUTPUT Program to make screen saver in that display different size circles filled with different colors and at random places. OUTPUT - [C++ Program to Find Length of String](https://techarge.in/cpp-program-to-find-length-of-string/): Here, you will learn how to find and print the length of any given string by the user at run-time, in C++ language. The program is created with the help of these approaches: Find length of string without using any library or built-in function like strlen() using strlen() function using Pointer Find Length of String without strlen() Function To find the length of a string in C++ programming, you have to ask from user to enter the string first. And then find its length as shown in the program given below. This program finds the length of a string using user-based code. That… - [UnGuided Transmission Media](https://techarge.in/unguided-transmission-media/): UnGuided/Wireless Transmission Media transfer electromagnetic waves without using a physical medium or conductor. It is also referred to as Unbounded or Wireless transmission media. Advantages of unguided media The signal is broadcasted through free space (air). Unguided signals can travel in several ways: sky propagation, ground propagation,  and line-of-sight propagation. The electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from 3 kHz to 900 THz, used for wireless communication. Types of unguided/wireless transmission media There are 3 types of unguided/wireless transmission media which are Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared are mentioned below. Radio Waves Definition Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Electromagnetic waves from frequencies between… - [Exception Handling in Java](https://techarge.in/exception-handling-in-java/): what is Exception Handling? When an Exception occurs the normal flow of the program is disrupted and the program/Application terminates abnormally, which is not recommended, therefore, these exceptions are to be handled. So, the mechanism used to handle runtime errors are called Exception Handling. Java exception handling is managed via five keywords: Keyword Description try The “try” keyword is used to specify a block where we should place exception code. The try block must be followed by either catch or finally. It means, we can’t use try block alone. catch The “catch” block is used to handle the exception. It must… - [Prefix ++ Increment Operator Overloading with no return type](https://techarge.in/prefix-increment-operator-overloading-with-no-return-type/): In this example ,We are going to create a program to Prefix Increment a number using Operator Overloading with no return type Output Initially when the object obj is declared, the value of data member i for object obj is 0 (constructor initializes i to 0). When ++ operator is operated on obj, operator function void operator++( ) is invoked which increases the value of data member i to 1. This program is not complete in the sense that, you cannot used code: obj1 = ++obj; It is because the return type of operator function in above program is void. Here is the little modification of above program so that you can use… - [Types of E-commerce model](https://techarge.in/types-of-e-commerce-model/): In this article you learn about Different types of E-commerce models that business generally used.They are categorized into the following categories. Business – to – Business (B2B) Business – to – Consumer (B2C) Consumer – to – Consumer (C2C) Consumer – to – Business (C2B) Business – to – Government (B2G) Government – to – Business (G2B) Government – to – Citizen (G2C) 1.Business-to-Business(B2C):B2B business model sells its products to an intermediate buyer who then sells the product to the final customer. As an example, a wholesaler places an order from a company’s website, and after receiving the consignment sells… - [Prefix Increment ++ operator overloading with return type](https://techarge.in/prefix-increment-operator-overloading-with-return-type/): Output This program is similar to the one above. The only difference is that, the return type of operator function is Check in this case which allows to use both codes ++obj; obj1 = ++obj;. It is because, temp returned from operator function is stored in object obj. Since, the return type of operator function is Check, you can also assign the value of obj to another object. Notice that, = (assignment operator) does not need to be overloaded because this operator is already overloaded in C++ library. - [C Conditional Operator Statement](https://techarge.in/c-conditional-operator-statement/): It is similar to the if-else statement. The if-else statement takes more than one line of the statements, but the conditional operator finishes the same task in a single statement. The conditional operator in C is also called the ternary operator because it operates on three operands. Syntax:- or for simplicity, we write it as The expression1 is evaluated, it is treated as a logical condition. If the result is non-zero then expression2 will be evaluated otherwise expression3 will be evaluated. The value after evaluation of expression2 or expression3 is the final result. The conditional operator in C works similar to the conditional control statement if-else. Hence every… - [Best Chinese App Alternatives](https://techarge.in/chinese-app-alternatives/): Chinese Apps have successfully taken over the Indian app market in all the genres from social, short video till gaming apps, and more. Here In this post, we going to discuss the alternative of these apps.  The number of people in India who are using smartphones and the internet is increasing daily. This is why India has become the world’s fastest-growing mobile app market over the past few years. The country has over 1.3 billion potential consumers and many apps have been successful in luring the users to download their apps. However, reports reveal that Chinese apps are ruling the… - [Covid-19 Tracker Application Using Python](https://techarge.in/covid-19-tracker-application-using-python/): Hope you are doing great! Today, We are going to make Covid-19 Tracker Application Using Python which you can assume to be a medium level project as we will need to use three Python libraries. Here, we are going to create a GUI application to track the COVID-19 cases. We need to use three different libraries here. To install “matplotlib” go to terminal and type Python community has made a library to get the COVID-19 information easily called “covid“. To install “covid” go to terminal and type Note:For this program use python version >= 3.6 Code With Comments Now lets see and… - [Implementing Interfaces in Java](https://techarge.in/implementing-interfaces-in-java-2/): Interface are used as “superclasses” whose properties are inherited by classes. It is necessary to create a class that inherits the given interface. Let have a look ,how can be this done - [Basic Structure of a C program](https://techarge.in/basic-structure-of-a-c-program/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about basic Structure of a C program, Comments, Compilation and execution and Receiving input from the user. All c programs have to follow a basic structure. A c program starts with the main function and executes instructions presents inside it. Each instruction terminated with a semicolon(;) There are some basic rules which are applicable to all the c programs: Every program’s execution starts from the main function. All the statements are terminated with a semi-colon. Instructions are case-sensitive. Instructions are executed in the same order in which they are written. Comments Comments are used to… - [Country Date and Time using Python](https://techarge.in/country-date-and-time-using-python/): In this article you’ll learn how can we Get Any Country Date And Time Using Python which will be something like a World clock using Python. For this, we need the DateTime module and python’s timezone module i.e. pytz. What is Pytz? Pytz is a Python library that allows you to work with time zones in a Python application. It provides functionality for working with time zones and performing timezone conversions. The name “pytz” is an abbreviation of “Python Time Zone.” Pytz brings the Olson tz database into Python. How to install Pytz ? To install pytz python, type the below command in… - [Difference Between Applet and Servlet in Java](https://techarge.in/difference-between-applet-and-servlet-in-java/): Applet and servlet are the small Java programs or applications. But, both get processed in a different environment. The basic difference between an applet and a servlet is that an applet is executed on the client-side whereas, a servlet is executed on the server-side. BASIS FOR COMPARISON DIFFERENCES Execution An applet is an application that is executed on the client machine whereas, a servlet is an application that is executed on the server machine. Packages The package used to create an applet are, import java.applet.*; and import java.awt.*; whereas, the packages used to create a servlet are, import javax.servlet.*; and import java.servlet.http.*; Lifecycle methods… - [What is Data Mining? Definition and Applications](https://techarge.in/what-is-data-mining-definition-and-applications/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Data Mining, Key features of data mining, What is data mining used for, Types of Data Mining and more. What is Data Mining Data mining is defined as a process used to extract usable data from a larger set of raw data. It implies analysing data patterns in large batches of data using one or more software. In 1960s statisticians used the terms “Data Fishing” or “Data Dredging”. That was to refer to what they considered the bad practice of analyzing data. The term “Data Mining” appeared around 1990 in the database… - [Internet Security as Ecommerce](https://techarge.in/internet-security-as-ecommerce/): There are quite a few different networking security tools you can incorporate into your lineup of services. The following list is by no means exhaustive, but available security tools can  include: Access control. This refers to controlling which users have access to the network or  especially sensitive sections of the network. Using security policies, you can restrict network  access to only recognized users and devices or grant limited access to noncompliant devices  or guest users.  Antivirus and anti-malware software. Malware, or “malicious software,” is a common  form of cyber-attack that comes in many different shapes and sizes. Some variations work… - [Operator Overloading of Decrement -- Operator](https://techarge.in/operator-overloading-of-decrement-operator/): Decrement operator can be overloaded in similar way as increment operator. Output Also, unary operators like: !, ~ etc can be overloaded in similar manner. - [Life cycle of a thread in Java](https://techarge.in/life-cycle-of-a-thread-in-java/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Life cycle of a thread in Java, what are the states of Java thread like new, runnable, blocked, waiting and more. The life cycle of a thread in java is controlled by JVM. A thread goes through various stages in its lifecycle. For example, a thread is born, started, runs, and then dies. The following diagram shows the complete life cycle of a thread. Java Thread States The java thread states are as follows: - [Graphic in CPP programming, Get you the moon.](https://techarge.in/graphic-in-cpp-programming-get-you-the-moon/): Graphics from in C++ ,To get you the moon .Very interesting C++ graphics program. View this post on Instagram A post shared by TECHARGE (@techargeofficial) Here is the code , - [What is Data Communication?](https://techarge.in/data-communication/): Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable. The effectiveness of a data communications system depends on four fundamental characteristics: delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and jitters. Delivery: The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must be received by the intended device or user and only by that device or user. Accuracy: The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been altered in transmission and left uncorrected are unusable. Timeliness: The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless.… - [C++ Programming Notes Part I](https://techarge.in/cpp-programming-notes-basics/): Topic covered in this pdf are Basic of programming Difference between procedural approach and object-oriented approach OOPs Concept Benefits of OOPs - [Java Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/java-cheatsheet/): Java is a very popular programming language. Java can be used to develop anything and almost everything like web applications, web servers, application servers, mobile applications and so on. Basics Sample Java program To Compile a Java program Go to Command prompt and navigate to the folder where java files are stored. To Run Java program Comments // – single line comment Data types Two groups of data types 1. Primitive data types Data type Description Range Size int used to store whole numbers -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 4 bytes short used to store whole numbers -32,768 to 32,767 2 bytes long… - [Constructors in Java](https://techarge.in/constructors-in-java/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Constructors in Java, Syntax to declare constructor, Types of Constructor along with examples. A constructors in java is a special method whose name is same as class name and is used to initialize an object. Every class has a constructor either implicitly or explicitly. It is called when an instance of the class is created. At the time of calling the constructor, memory for the object is allocated in the memory. Syntax to declare constructor Example for constructor Types of Constructor Java Supports two types of constructors: Default Constructor A constructor is called “Default Constructor” when… - [Java Database Connections | JDBC Tutorial](https://techarge.in/java-database-connections-jdbc-tutorial/): JDBC (‘Java Database Connectivity’) allows multiple implementations to exist and be used by the same application.  Steps for connection JDBC Connection Example Let’s have a look at the below example program.We are connecting to an Oracle database and getting data from emp table. Here, system and oracle are the username and password of the Oracle database. - [C Program to Print Pyramids and Patterns](https://techarge.in/c-program-to-print-pyramids-and-patterns/): In this C Programming example, you will learn to print half pyramid, pyramid, inverted pyramid triangle. Pattern 1 C Program: Pattern 2 C Program: Pattern 3 C Program: Pattern 4 C Program: Full Pyramid of * C Program: Inverted Full Pyramid of * C Program: Hollow Full Pyramid of * Hope these C program pattern are help to you , Thank You for reading. Check Out : Star patterns Program in C - [Java Comments](https://techarge.in/java-comments/): In this tutorial, you will learn about Java comments, why we use them, and how to use comments in right way. In computer programming, Java comments are statements that are not executed by the compiler and interpreter. The comments can be used to provide information or explanation about the variable, method, class, or any statement. It can also be used to hide program code. They are mainly used to help programmers to understand the code. For example, Here, we have used the following comments, Types of Comments in Java In Java, there are two types of comments: Single-line Comment A single-line comment starts and ends… - [DBMS Architecture and Data Abstraction](https://techarge.in/dbms-architecture-and-data-abstraction/): In this article, you’ll learn about Database Architecture and Data Abstraction. Different types of DBMS architecture are: 1-tier Architecture The simplest of Database Architecture is 1 tier where the Client, Server, and Database all reside on the same machine. Anytime you install a DB in your system and access it to practice SQL queries it is 1 tier architecture. But such architecture is rarely used in production. 2-tier Architecture A two-tier architecture is a database architecture where Presentation layer runs on a client (PC, Mobile, Tablet, etc) Data is stored on a Server. An application interface is called ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)… - [10+ Best Fake Email Generators (Free Temporary Email Address)](https://techarge.in/best-fake-email-generators-free-temporary-email-address/): Fake email generators are like temporary mailboxes that let you receive messages and sometimes even send them. People use these online tools to keep their private information safe, avoid getting unwanted emails, send messages without being traced, and deal with spam. Why use fake email generators? But, there are some reasons why it’s not a great idea to use these fake email generators, Following is a handpicked list of top fake email generators, with its popular features and a website link. Fake Email ID and Password Generator for Free: Mostly used World-Wide Name Features Link Burnermail • Burner email addresses… - [Types of database utilities and its functions](https://techarge.in/types-of-database-utilities-and-its-functions/): In this article, you’ll learn about the types of database utilities and its functions Database utilities have the following types of functions: Other utilities may be available for sorting files, handling data compression, monitoring access by users, interfacing with the network, and performing other functions.   - [Types of Computer Programming Languages](https://techarge.in/types-of-computer-programming-languages/): Computer programming language, any of various languages for expressing a set of detailed instructions for a digital computer. Such instructions can be executed directly when they are in the computer manufacturer-specific numerical form known as machine language, after a simple substitution process when expressed in a corresponding assembly language, or after translation from some ―higher-level‖ language. Although there are many computer languages, relatively few are widely used. Machine and assembly languages are ―low-level,‖ requiring a programmer to manage explicitly all of a computer‘s idiosyncratic features of data storage and operation. In contrast, high-level languages shield a programmer from worrying about… - [Deep look into WhatsApp Business](https://techarge.in/deep-look-into-whatsapp-business/): WhatsApp Business enables you to have a business presence on WhatsApp, communicate more efficiently with your customers, and help you grow your business. What is difference between WhatsApp and Whatsapp business? WhatsApp has officially launched a new app, called WhatsApp Business. It’s completely separate from the standard version of WhatsApp, but it works in much the same manner – only its purpose is connecting businesses and customers, rather than friends and family. The app is aimed at small business owners. If you have separate business and personal phone numbers, you can have both WhatsApp Business and WhatsApp Messenger installed on the same phone, and register them with… - [C Arrays](https://techarge.in/c-arrays/): C Array is a collection of variables belongings to the same data type. You can store group of data of same data type in an array. An array is a variable that can store multiple values. For example, if you want to store 50 integers, you can create an array for it. How to declare an array? SYNTAX dataType arrayName[arraySize]; EXAMPLE Here, we declared an array, mark, of floating-point type. And its size is 10. Meaning, it can hold 10 floating-point values. The size and type of an array cannot be changed once it is declared. Always, Contiguous (adjacent) memory locations… - [Calculate sum of odd and even in an array in C++](https://techarge.in/calculate-sum-of-odd-and-even-in-an-array-in-cpp/): In this tutorial, we will discuss how to use the C++ program to Calculate sum of odd and even in an array using for loop and while loop along with user input. What is an even or odd number? When any integer ends in 0,2,4,6,8 and it can be divided by two with the remainder of zero, it is called as an even number. Example of even numbers – 34,-64,78,788 When any integer ends in 0,1,3,5,7,9 and it cannot be divided without a remainder, it is called as an odd number. Example for odd numbers – 33,-69,75,785 Here, we can use… - [ResultSet interface](https://techarge.in/resultset-interface/): The object of ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to a row of a table. Initially, cursor points to before the first row. By default, ResultSet object can be moved forward only and it is not updatable. But we can make this object to move forward and backward direction by passing either TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE or TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE in createStatement(int,int) method as well as we can make this object as updatable by: Commonly used methods of ResultSet interface 1) public boolean next(): is used to move the cursor to the one row next from the current position. 2) public boolean previous(): is used to… - [StopWatch using Python](https://techarge.in/stopwatch-using-python/): In this article, you’ll learn how can we create a StopWatch using Python. For this, we need the tkinter module and Datetime module. Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. Datetime module supplies classes to work with date and time. These classes provide a number of functions to deal with dates, times, and time intervals. To install tkinter module python, type the below command in your terminal– To install datetime module python, type the below command in your terminal– Source Code With Comments Explanation of the Python stopwatch code Key Components: Key Points: Output of the… - [Containers in C++ STL](https://techarge.in/containers-in-cpp-stl/): This article is just continuation of previous article C++ STL , Here you learn about Containers in C++ STL. Container Adapter It provide a different interface for sequential containers. Queue : Queues are a type of container adaptors which operate in a first in first out (FIFO) type of arrangement. Elements are inserted at the back (end) and are deleted from the front. Output : Priority Queue : Priority queues are a type of container adapters, specifically designed such that the first element of the queue is the greatest of all elements in the queue and elements are in non decreasing order(hence… - [C++ Constructors](https://techarge.in/cpp-constructors/): A constructor is a special type of member function that is called automatically when an object is created. In C++, a constructor has the same name as that of the class and it does not have a return type. For example, Here, the function House() is a constructor of the class House. Notice that the constructor has the same name as the class, does not have a return type, and is public Different Types of Constructor C++ Default Constructor A constructor with no parameters is known as a default constructor. In the example above, House() is a default constructor. Example : C++ Default Constructor Output Creating a… - [Java AWT tutorial for beginners](https://techarge.in/java-awt-tutorial-for-beginners/): Java AWT  (Abstract Window Toolkit). It is a platform dependent API for creating Graphical User Interface (GUI) for java programs. Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e. components are displayed according to the view of the operating system. AWT is heavyweight as its components are using the resources of OS. Why AWT is platform dependent?  Java AWT calls native platform (Operating systems) subroutine for creating components such as textbox, checkbox, button, etc. For example, an AWT GUI having a button would have a different look and feel across platforms like Windows, Mac OS & Unix, this is because these platforms have… - [Python Rock Paper Scissors Game](https://techarge.in/python-rock-paper-scissors-game/): In this article, we’ll learn how to create a Python Rock Paper Scissors Game. Rock paper scissors game is also known as stone paper scissors. It is a hand game that is usually played between 2 people, each player can randomly form any one of three from their hand. A player who chooses rock will win by another player who chooses scissors but loose by the player who chooses paper; a player with paper will loose by the player with the scissors. If both players choose the same then the game is tied. Rock paper scissors game is mainly played… - [Sandes App, Indian government's alternative to WhatsApp](https://techarge.in/sandes-app-indian-governments-alternative-to-whatsapp/): Sandes is the  Alternative to WhatsApp Made by the Government of India. The app is called GIMS, short for ‘Government Instant Messaging System. Back in 2020, The Government had revealed plans to develop a WhatsApp-like messaging platform. Apparently, the application is ready and is being tested by officials in several ministries. Government officials have reportedly started using an Indian alternative to WhatsApp, which goes by the name of Sandes. Sandes app features and supported devices Sandes reportedly works on both iOS and Android platforms. In addition to sending data messages, the app is also said to offer support for voice calls over the internet. Since the gates of… - [C++ Class Program to Store and Display Employee Information](https://techarge.in/c-class-program-to-store-and-display-employee-information/): Let’s see an example of C++ class where we are storing and displaying employee information using method. Output: - [Classes and Objects in Java](https://techarge.in/classes-and-objects-in-java/): In this article you’ll learn about Classes and Objects in Java, Object Creation,Class Creation, Nested Class and more. Object In object-oriented programming everything comes under the object and class. Object is a physical entity which has states and behavior e.g. dog, car, fan, bicycles, pen etc. Dogs have states (color, name, breed) and behaviors (barking, eating etc) Cars have states (color, brand, speed, gear) and behavior (changing gear, applying breaks). Object Creation Creation of an object is also called as instantiation of an object. The new operator is used to create an object of a class. Example Employee emp =… - [Electronic E-commerce and the Trade Cycle](https://techarge.in/electronic-e-commerce-and-the-trade-cycle/): Electronic e-commerce, also known as online commerce or internet commerce, has become an increasingly important part of the global economy. In this tutorial, we will discuss the basics of electronic e-commerce and the trade cycle, including what electronic e-commerce is, its benefits, the trade cycle, and the different stages of the trade cycle. What is Electronic E-commerce? Electronic e-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services online. This can take many forms, including online stores, online marketplaces, and online auctions. Electronic e-commerce has become popular in recent years due to its convenience, accessibility, and the ability to… - [Routing algorithm](https://techarge.in/routing-algorithm/): Routing Algorithm is a part of network layers software .It is responsible for deciding the output line over which a packet is to be sent. Routing is the process of forwarding the packets from source to the destination but the best route to send the packets is determined by the routing algorithm. Whether the network layer provides datagram service or virtual circuit service, the main job of the network layer is to provide the best route. The routing protocol provides this job. Desired Properties of a routing algorithm Types of Routing Algorithm The Routing algorithm is divided into two categories:… - [Network Devices :Repeaters, Hub, Bridges, Routers, Switch And Gateways](https://techarge.in/network-devices-repeaters-hub-bridges-routers-switch-and-gateways/): Repeaters, Hub, Bridges, Routers, Switch And Gateways are the in most used network devices. Let know about them . 1.Repeater – A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak ( this process of the loss of signal strength is known as Attenuation )or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit… - [Characteristics of DBMS](https://techarge.in/characteristics-of-dbms/): Characteristics of DBMS are as follows: A modern DBMS has the following characteristics : Less redundancy –DBMS follows the rules of normalization which is a mathematically rich and scientific process that reduces data redundancy. Consistency –DBMS helps to achieve consistency as compared to earlier forms of data storing applications like file-processing systems. Query Language –It is more efficient to retrieve and manipulate data. Traditionally it was not possible where file-processing system was used. Isolation of data and application –DBMS also stores metadata, which is data about data, to ease its own process. Relation-based tables –DBMS allows entities and relations among… - [DIGIBOXX: Indian Digital File Storage & File Sharing Platform](https://techarge.in/digiboxx-indian-digital-file-storage-file-sharing-platform/): DigiBoxx is an intelligent Indian digital file storage and sharing platform that’s secure, fast, intuitive and easy on the pocket. With a goal to make digital asset management go vocal for local, we have built a robust technology that’s world class & yet keeps in mind the flavours of India. - [Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)](https://techarge.in/secure-electronic-transaction-set/): Secure electronic transaction (SET) was an early communications protocol used by e-commerce websites to secure electronic debit and credit card payments. Secure electronic transaction was used to facilitate the secure transmission of consumer card information via electronic portals on the internet. Secure electronic transaction protocols were responsible for blocking out the personal details of card information, thus preventing merchants, hackers, and electronic thieves from accessing consumerinformation. The process of secure electronic transactions used digital certificates that were assigned to provide electronic access to funds, whether it was a credit line or bank account. Every time a purchase was made electronically,… - [Features Of Computer network](https://techarge.in/features-of-computer-network/): In this article, you’ll learn about Features Of Computer network and more. A computer network is an interconnected system of computers that allows for the sharing of resources and communication. These networks have revolutionized the way we work, learn, and communicate. Features of Computer Network are as follows : Communication Speed File Sharing Easy Backup and Rollback Software and Hardware Sharing Security Scalability Reliability - [Namespace in C++](https://techarge.in/namespace-in-cpp/): In this article, you’ll learn about Namespace in C++, Declaring namespaces, Accessing namespace using “using” directive , The global namespace, The std namespace, Nested namespaces and more. For example The variables declared in 2 different namespace can have same name. Declaring namespaces  The identifiers can be accessed by scope resolution operator. Example Full Code Example Output: Accessing namespace using “using” directive You can access the namespace by using “using” directive. The global namespace Identifiers defined outside of all the namespaces will be called as global namespaces. It is recommended not to create a global namespace. An exception is for the… - [Relational Model Concepts](https://techarge.in/relational-model-concepts/): Different types of Relational Model Concepts are as follows : Attribute: Each column in a Table. Attributes are the properties which define a relation. e.g., Student_Rollno, NAME,etc. Tables – In the Relational model the, relations are saved in the table format. It is stored along with its entities. A table has two properties rows and columns. Rows represent records and columns represent attributes. Tuple – It is nothing but a single row of a table, which contains a single record. Relation Schema: A relation schema represents the name of the relation with its attributes. Degree: The total number of attributes which in the relation is… - [TCP/IP Model](https://techarge.in/tcp-ip-model/): The TCP/IP Model is developed before than OSI Model. TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model. It contains four layers, unlike seven layers in the OSI model. The layers are: 1.Application Layer2.Transport Layer3.Internet Layer4.Network Access/Link Layer -combined known as host-to-network layer The key features of the TCP/IP model are as follows: Supports flexible architecture: We can connect two devices with totally different architecture using the TCP/IP model. End-node verification: The end-nodes(source and destination) can be verified, and connections can be made for the safe and successful transmission of data. Dynamic Routing: The TCP/IP model facilitates the dynamic routing of the data packets… - [Java Program to Find ASCII Value of a character](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-find-ascii-value-of-a-character/): ASCII acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7-bit character set contains 128 (0 to 127) characters. It represents the numerical value of a character. For example, the ASCII value of A is 65. Let’s have a look , how to print ASCII value or code through a Java program. Program to find ASCII Value of a character What You get as Output , After running the program Happy Programming 🙂 - [Computer Memory Basics](https://techarge.in/computer-memory-basics/): What is computer memory? Imagine your computer’s memory as a desk at school. When you’re working on a homework assignment, you take out your textbook, notes, and pencils and put them on your desk. This way, you can easily reach for them whenever you need them. Computer memory works in a similar way. It’s a temporary workspace where the computer stores the programs and data it’s currently using so it can access them quickly. Types of computer memory There are two main types of computer memory: Understanding RAM RAM (Random Access Memory) is like a computer’s worktable. It’s where the… - [8 Best Virtual Machine Software in 2024](https://techarge.in/8-best-virtual-machine-software/): Are you looking for the best Virtual Machine Software, and are tired of searching for them? If yes, then don’t worry because you have ended up in the right place. This article will give you a list of such best Virtual Machine Software, and will also answer some of the most common questions about it. List of Best Virtual Machine Software List of Best Virtual Machine Software are as follows, 1. VMware Workstation Player VMware Workstation Player is a streamlined desktop virtualization application that runs on multiple operating systems on the same computer without rebooting. Features: These are the following features of VMware… - [Duties of Network Layer](https://techarge.in/computer-network-duties-of-network-layer/): In this article, you’ll learn about what are the duties of Network Layer. Main responsibility of Network layer is to carry the data packets from the source to the destination without changing or using it. If the packets are too large for delivery, they are fragmented i.e., broken down into smaller packets. Duties of Network Layer are as follows : Internetworking: It provides the logical connection between different types of the network. Addressing: Addressing is help us to identify each device present on the internet uniquely. It is similar to a telephone system the address used in the network layer should… - [Java Program to Add Two Integers](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-add-two-integers/): Program to take two number as input, printing their sum as output. What You get as Output , After running the program - [Hashing in DBMS](https://techarge.in/hashing-in-dbms/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is Hashing in DBMS, Why do we need Hashing, Types of Hashing, What is Collision and more. Why do we need Hashing? Hashing is a crucial technique employed in Database Management Systems (DBMS) to efficiently index and retrieve items from a large database. When dealing with extensive data structures, searching for index values across multiple levels to locate specific data blocks becomes a time-consuming task. Hashing offers a solution to this problem by using a shorter hashed key instead of the original value for faster data retrieval. The primary purpose of hashing is… - [Python List](https://techarge.in/python-list/): Python has a great built-in list type named “list”. List literals are written within square brackets [ ]. Lists work similarly to strings — use the len() function and square brackets [ ] to access data, with the first element at index 0. Assignment with an = on lists does not make a copy. Instead, assignment makes the two variables point to the one list in memory. The “empty list” is just an empty pair of brackets [ ]. The ‘+’ works to append two lists, so [1, 2] + [3, 4] yields [1, 2, 3, 4] (this is just… - [C Pointer with Examples](https://techarge.in/c-pointer-with-examples/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is address in C , what is C Pointer with example along with all rules to define and access pointer variable. A Pointer in C language is a variable which holds the address of another variable of same data type. Pointers are used to access memory and manipulate the address. Before we start understanding what pointers are and what they can do, let’s start by understanding what does “Address of a memory location” means? Address in C Whenever a variable is defined in C language, a memory location is assigned for it, in which its value… - [Prutor Python Quiz 6](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-6/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [Java Program to Find all Roots of a Quadratic Equation](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-find-all-roots-of-a-quadratic-equation/): In this program we are going to find all roots of a Quadratic Equation What You get as Output , After running the program - [Difference between Web Browser and Web Server](https://techarge.in/difference-between-web-browser-and-web-server/): In this article, you’ll learn about the difference between Web Browser and Web Server. Web Browser is software that is used to browse and display pages available over the internet whereas a web server is a software that provides these documents when requested by a web browser. S.No. Key Web Browser Web Server 1 Purpose Web Browser is software which is used tobrowse and display pages available overinternet. Web server is software which provides thesedocuments when requested by web browsers. 2 Process A web browser sends a request to the server for webbased documents and services. Web server sees and… - [Types of Networks](https://techarge.in/types-of-networks/): In this article, you’ll learn about types of Networks. Local Area Network(LAN), Wide Area Network(WAN), Metropolitan Area Networks(MAN), Wireless Network and Internetwork. There are five types of Networks: Local Area Network A local area network (LAN) is usually privately owned and links the devices in a single office, building, or campus. Depending on the needs of an organization and the type of technology used, a LAN can be as simple as two PCs and a printer in someone’s home office; or it can extend throughout a company and include audio and video peripherals. Currently, LAN size is limited to a… - [Network Interface](https://techarge.in/network-interface/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Network Interface and more. In computing a network interface is a system’s (software and hardware) interface between two pieces of equipment or protocol layers in a computer network. What is Network Interface A network interface will usually have some form of network address. This may consist of a node ID and a port number or may consist of a node ID in its own right, Network interface provide standardized functions such as passing message, connecting and disconnecting, etc. DTE and DCE What is DTE(Data Terminal Equipment)? What is DCE(Data Communication Equipment)? - [JavaScript Arrays](https://techarge.in/javascript-arrays/): In this article, you’ll learn about JavaScript Arrays , Why is it required, Array Operations and more. Why array is even required, we have already different datatypes through which can store in value inside that. Let me answer this question, When we want to store list of elements, it’s become very tough for us to think name different for each variable to overcome this problem arrays are introduced in JavaScript. What is JavaScript Arrays? In JavaScript, Array is a collection of values they may be different datatype, but in some other language they must have same data type i.e. C++,… - [Program in Java to show concept of multilevel inheritance](https://techarge.in/program-in-java-to-show-concept-of-multilevel-inheritance/): In this example, you’ll how in Java to show concept of multilevel inheritance. OUTPUT This program does a pretty good job. Here is a sample execution first number is 100 second number is 200 sum of two numbers is 300 square root of sum is 17.3205080 Here are some more examples Java Program to Find all Roots of a Quadratic Equation Java Program to Find the Largest Among Three Numbers Java Program to Check Whether an Alphabet is Vowel or Consonant - [Types of variables in C](https://techarge.in/types-of-variables-in-c/): In this article you will learn about different types of variables in C programming. Local Variable in C The variables declared inside a block are automatic or local variables. The local variables exist only inside the block in which it is declared. Let’s take an example. When you run the above program, you will get an error undeclared identifier i. It’s because i is declared inside the for loop block. Outside of the block, it’s undeclared. Let’s take another example. In the above example, n1 is local to main() and n2 is local to func(). This means you cannot access the n1 variable inside func() as it only exists inside main(). Similarly, you cannot access the n2 variable inside main() as… - [How to Create Servlet Application using tomcat server](https://techarge.in/create-servlet-application-using-tomcat-server/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to Create Servlet Application using tomcat server in step-wise manner. To create a Servlet application you need to follow the below-mentioned steps. These steps are common for all the Web servers. In this example, we are using Apache Tomcat server. Apache Tomcat is an open-source web server for testing servlets and JSP technology. Steps to Create Servlet Application using tomcat server After installing Tomcat Server on your machine follow the below mentioned steps : All these 5 steps are explained in details below, lets create our first Servlet Application. Step 1: Creating the Directory… - [Git & Github 2021 Cheat Sheet](https://techarge.in/git-github-2021-cheat-sheet/) - [C++ Programming Examples](https://techarge.in/cpp-basic-programs/): C++ basic programs such as finding prime number, addition of arrays, factorial finding ec - [SQL Tutorial](https://techarge.in/sql-tutorial/): SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to perform operations on the records stored in the database such as updating records, deleting records, creating and modifying tables, views, etc. What is SQL SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is designed for managing data in a relational database management system (RDBMS). It is pronounced as S-Q-L or sometime See-Qwell. SQL is a database language, it is used for database creation, deletion, fetching rows, and modifying rows, etc. SQL is based on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus. All DBMS like MySQL, Informix, PostgreSQL, Oracle, MS Access, Sybase, and SQL Server use SQL as standard database language. Why SQL is required… - [Alarm clock GUI application with tkinter](https://techarge.in/alarm-clock-gui-application-created-tkinter/): Hope you are doing great! Today, We are going to see how can we create a Alarm clock GUI application with tkinter. Choose the time and choose your favorite melody to start the day with pleasure, and not to oversleep interesting moments. For this, we need the tkinter module and playsound module. Playsound is a Pure Python, cross platform, single function module with no dependencies for playing sounds. Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. To install tkinter module python, type the below command in your terminal– To install playsound… - [WhatsApp Pink is a new virus targeting WhatsApp users, can take complete control over a victim's phone](https://techarge.in/whatsapp-pink-is-a-new-virus-targeting-whatsapp-users-can-take-complete-control-over-a-victims-phone/): The CERT-In has issued a new advisory against a set of newly discovered WhatsApp vulnerabilities that allow attackers to remotely execute code on affected devices.  WhatsApp users have been cautioned about new vulnerabilities detected in the popular instant messaging app that could lead to the breach of sensitive information. The CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) has rated the new vulnerability with a ‘high’ severity rating. The national cyber attack division responsible for the safety of all Indians’ cyberspace also issued a new advisory on Saturday detailing the risks associated with the new WhatsApp vulnerabilities. “Multiple vulnerabilities have been reported… - [CSJMU BCA 3 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/csjmu-bca-3-sem-question-papers/): CSJMU BCA 3 SEM QUESTION PAPERS BCA TUTORIAL  |  MCA TUTORIAL 2024- 2025 BCA III SEM DATA STRUCTURE USING C AND C ++ 2024-25 BCA III SEM PYTHON PROGRAMMING 2024-25 BCA III SEM DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ORGANIZATION 2024-25 BCA III SEM ELEMENTS OF STATISTICS 2024-25 BCA III SEM OPERATING SYSTEM 2024-25 [my_ads1] 2023 – 2024 BCA III SEM DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ORGANIZATION 2023-24 BCA III SEM ELEMENTS OF STATISTICS BCA3005 2023-24 BCA III SEM PYTHON PROGRAMMING 2023-24 BCA III SEM DATA STRUCTURE USING C & C++ 2023-24 BCA III SEM ELEMENTS OF STATISTICS BCA305N 2023-24 BCA III SEM… - [MyHeritage Deep Nostalgia: Animate your old photos](https://techarge.in/myheritage-deep-nostalgia-animate-your-old-photos/): Animate your family photos with MyHeritage’s amazing technology. Experience your family history like never before! The feature uses deepfake technology to animates the faces in still photos and gives family history a fresh new perspective by producing a realistic depiction of how a person could have moved and looked if they were captured on video. The result is a short, high-quality video animation of an individual face that can smile, blink, move, and even smiling. View this post on Instagram A post shared by TECHARGE (@techargeofficial) MyHeritage is the leading global discovery platform for exploring family history. Our sophisticated matching technologies,… - [C Programming File Handling](https://techarge.in/c-programming-file-handling/): In this article, you will learn about File Handling in C programming. File handling in C refers to the task of storing data in the form of input or output produced by running C programs in data files, namely, a text file or a binary file for future reference and analysis. The operations that you can perform on a File in C are − Creating a new file Opening an existing file Reading data from an existing file Writing data to a file Moving data to a specific location on the file Closing the file Functions for file handling There are many functions in the C library to open, read,… - [EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)](https://techarge.in/ec2-elastic-compute-cloud/): In this article, you’ll learn about EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) EC2 stands for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. EC2 enables you to create virtual computers in the Cloud and you don’t need to manage any hardware. It’s a cost-efficient service compared to an on-premises computational network. Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. AWS has plenty of predefined EC2 images (i.e., Linux, Windows), and you can also use your own images. These images are called AMI (Amazon Machine Image *pretty unspectacular, isn’t it*)?  Currently, AWS has the following most preferred set of operating systems… - [Blinking of led using Aurdino Uno](https://techarge.in/blinking-of-led-using-aurdino/): In this article, you’ll learn how make a Blinking of led using Aurdino Uno for every 500ms. In arduino uno, a LED has already inbuilt at the pin13, but we are not going to use it. Components Required Hardware: Arduino uno board, connecting pins, 220Ω resistor, LED, breadboard. Software: Arduino Nightly Circuit Here we are going to connect an indicating LED to PIN7 through a current limiting resistor. The controller in arduino is already programmed to work on external crystal. So we need not to worry about fuse bits or anything. The arduino works on 16Mhz crystal clock, which is already embedded… - [Connection interface](https://techarge.in/connection-interface/): A Connection is a session between a java application and database. The Connection interface is a factory of Statement, PreparedStatement, and DatabaseMetaData i.e. object of Connection can be used to get the object of Statement and DatabaseMetaData. The Connection interface provide many methods for transaction management like commit(), rollback() etc. By default, connection commits the changes after executing queries. Commonly used methods of Connection interface: 1) public Statement createStatement(): creates a statement object that can be used to execute SQL queries. 2) public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType,int resultSetConcurrency): Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.… - [HTML lists](https://techarge.in/html-lists/): In this article, we’ll learn about HTML Lists, it’s types with examples. Lists are used to group together related pieces of information so they are clearly associated with each other and easy to read. In modern web development, lists are workhorse elements, frequently used for navigation as well as general content. The three list types in HTML There are three list types in HTML: Each list type has a specific purpose and meaning in a web page. Unordered lists Unordered (bulleted) lists are used when a set of items can be placed in any order. An example is a programming language… - [Servlet Interface](https://techarge.in/servlet-interface/): In this article, you’ll learn about Servlet Interface. When the Servlet is deployed in the server the Servlet container creates life cycle of the Servlet. The central abstraction in the Servlet API is the Servlet interface, all the Servlets have to implement this interface either directly or by extending a class such as GenericServlet, HttpServlet. Following are the different methods of servlet interface. Method Description public void init(ServletConfig config) initializes the servlet. It is the life cycle method of servlet and invoked by the web container only once. public void service(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response) provides response for the incoming request. It is invoked at… - [Java Program to Check Whether an Alphabet is Vowel or Consonant](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-check-whether-an-alphabet-is-vowel-or-consonant/): In this you learn to create Java Program to Check Whether an Alphabet is Vowel or Consonant using if..else statement and switch statement. Check whether an alphabet is vowel or consonant using if..else statement This program first prompts the user to enter an alphabet. Then, it uses an if-else statement to check if the entered alphabet is a vowel or a consonant. If the alphabet is a vowel, the program prints ” is a vowel”. Otherwise, the program prints ” is a consonant”. Output Check whether an alphabet is vowel or consonant using switch statement In the above program, instead of using a… - [ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)](https://techarge.in/isdn-integrated-services-digital-network/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), ISDN Interface, ISDN Services, Principle of ISDN and more. Before, ISDN the telephone system seen as a way to transmit voice with some special services available for data. The main feature of ISDN is that it can integrate speech and data on the some lines, which were not available in the classic telephone System. There are two types of channel that are found within ISDN: Additionally there are two levels of ISDN access that may be provided. These are known as BRI and PRI. ISDN supports a… - [Best way to use google search you won't believe exist](https://techarge.in/best-way-to-use-google-search-you-wont-believe-exist/): Life is all about searching things/problems and get a perfect solution of it so go for it here are some best way to use google search you won’t believe exist. Some hacks to make your googling skills excellent and help you to land on your desired result. View this post on Instagram A post shared by TECHARGE (@techargeofficial) Search Phrases – Use quotation marks to search for phrases. This one’s a well-known, simple trick: searching a phrase in quotes will yield only pages with the same words in the same order as what’s in the quotes. It’s one of the… - [C++ Templates](https://techarge.in/cpp-templates/): In this article, you’ll learn about C++ templates. You’ll learn to use the power of templates for generic programming. Templates are powerful features of C++ which allows you to write generic programs. In simple terms, you can create a single function or a class to work with different data types using templates. Generic programming is a technique where generic types are used as parameters in algorithms so that they can work for a variety of data types. Templates are often used in larger codebase for the purpose of code reusability and flexibility of the programs. The concept of templates can… - [C Program to Convert Decimal Number to Binary Number](https://techarge.in/c-program-to-convert-decimal-number-to-binary-number/): In this tutorial, we will write a C Program to Convert Decimal Number to Binary Number. To convert decimal number to binary number divide a decimal number by two, if the quotient is not zero again divided it by two and keep dividing it by two until the quotient is equal to zero. Output of C Program to Convert Decimal Number to Binary Number // As n=4 100 100 is a binary of 4. - [Python Program to Merge Mails](https://techarge.in/python-program-to-merge-mails/): In this program, you’ll learn to merge mails into one. When we want to send the same invitations to many people, the body of the mail does not change. Only the name (and maybe address) needs to be changed. Mail merge is a process of doing this. Instead of writing each mail separately, we have a template for body of the mail and a list of names that we merge together to form all the mails. Python Source Code to Merge Mails For this program, we have written all the names in separate lines in the file “names.txt”. The body… - [Difference between DBMS and File System](https://techarge.in/difference-between-dbms-and-file-system/): In this article, you’ll learn about the difference between DBMS and File System and more. A file system organizes files on a storage device (like a hard drive) for easy retrieval. It uses directories (folders within folders) and performs tasks like naming, managing, and access control. Example: NTFS(New Technology File System), EXT(Extended File System). A Database Management System (DBMS) is software for organizing related data. It allows efficient storage, retrieval, and security of the data. Users can access data using SQL queries and the system offers backup and recovery mechanisms. Example: Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL server. Difference between DBMS and File system… - [C Programming Input-Output (I/O)](https://techarge.in/c-programming-input-output-i-o/): C Output In C programming, printf() is one of the main output functions. The function sends formatted output to the screen. For example, Example 1: C Output Output C Programming How does this program work? All valid C programs must contain the main() function. The code execution begins from the start of the main() function. The printf() is a library function to send formatted output to the screen. The function prints the string inside quotations. To use printf() in our program, we need to include stdio.h header file using the #include <stdio.h> statement. The return 0; statement inside the main() function is the “Exit status” of the program. It’s optional. Example 2: Integer Output Output Number = 5… - [Set in C++STL](https://techarge.in/set-in-cpp/): In this tutorial we will learn about Set in C++ ,how to Initializing a Set, Traversing a Set, how to add element in Set and more. Some Properties of Set in C++ Uniqueness – All elements inside a C++ Set are unique. Sorted – The elements inside a Set are always in a sorted manner. Immutable – Any element inside the Set cannot be changed. It can only be inserted or deleted. Unindexed – The STL Set does not support indexing. Internal Implementation – The Sets in STL are internally implemented by BSTs (Binary Search Trees). When to use sets in C++? Sets are frequently… - [Python Program to Add Two Numbers](https://techarge.in/python-program-to-add-two-numbers/): In this example, you will see Python Program to add two numbers and display it using print() function. Here we learn first how to add two numbers, numbers having predefined values. After you will learn to add three numbers with user input. Add Two Numbers Output Add Three Numbers With User Input - [C++ Structure](https://techarge.in/cpp-structure/): In this article, you’ll learn about C++ Structure (User-defined datatypes ) with the help of Example. Structure is a collection of variables of different data types under a single name. It allows different variables to be accessed by using a single pointer to the structure. How to declare a structure in C++ programming? The struct keyword defines a structure type followed by an identifier (name of the structure). Then inside the curly braces, you can declare one or more members (declare variables inside curly braces) of that structure. How to define a structure variable? Once you declare a structure. You can define a… - [Final method in Java](https://techarge.in/final-method-in-java/): In this article, you’ll learn about Final method in Java with example. In the Java programming language, the final keyword is used in several contexts to define an entity that can only be assigned once. Once a final variable has been assigned, it always contains the same value. But here we are discussing about final method in java. If you declare any method in java with the keyword then that the method cannot be overridden by sub-classes. You might wish to make a method final if it has an implementation that should not be changed and it is critical to the consistent state of the object.… - [Transaction property](https://techarge.in/transaction-property/): Any transaction must maintain the ACID properties.The transaction has the four properties. These are used to maintain consistency in a database, before and after the transaction. Property of Transaction Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability Atomicity :The entire transaction takes places at once or doesn’t happen at all. It states that all operations of the transaction take place at once if not, the transaction is aborted. There is no midway, i.e., the transaction cannot occur partially. Each transaction is treated as one unit and either runs to completion or is not executed at all. Atomicity involves the following two operations: Abort: If… - [Abstraction and Encapsulation in Java](https://techarge.in/abstraction-and-encapsulation-in-java/): In this article, you’ll learn about Abstraction and Encapsulation in Java , how we use them. Abstraction Abstraction is the technique of hiding the implementation details and showing only functionality to the user.For example, when we call any person we just dial the numbers and are least bothered about the internal process involved. Abstract class Abstract Method Syntax Example: Program for abstract class and method Output Speed of Bike is: 60 Km/h Speed of Car is: 70 Km/h Difference between Abstract Class and Final Class Abstract Class Final Class Inheritance can be allowed. Inheritance cannot be allowed. It contains abstract method.… - [AKTU MCA 2 Semester Question Papers](https://techarge.in/aktu-mca-2-semester-question-papers/): AKTU MCA 2 SEMESTER QUESTION PAPERS [my_ads1] 2019 MCA-2-SEM-COMPUTER-BASED-NUMERICAL-AND-STATISTICAL-TECHNIQUES-NMCA212-2019 MCA-2-SEM-COMPUTER-BASED-NUMERICAL-AND-STATISTICAL-TECHNIQUES-RCA201-2019 MCA-2-SEM-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-NMCA215-2019 MCA-2-SEM-DATA-STRUCTURES-AND-FILE-HANDLING-CA-204-2019 MCA-2-SEM-DATA-STRUCTURE-USING-C-NMCA213-2019 MCA-2-SEM-HUMAN-VALUES-AND-PROFESSIONAL-ETHICS-RHU001-2019 MCA-2-SEM-INNOVATION-AND-ENTREPRENEURSHIP-RCA-204-2019 MCA-2-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-AUTOMATA-THEORY-AND-LANGUAGES-NMCA-214-2019 MCA-2-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-AUTOMATA-THEORY-AND-LANGUAGES-RCS203-2019 MCA-2-SEM-PROFESSIONAL-COMMUNICATION-NBC205-2019   [my_ads1] 2018 MCA-2-SEM-ADVANCE-PROGRAMMING-IN-C-RCA-I201-2017-18 MCA-2-SEM-COMPUTER-BASED-NUMERICAL-AND-STATISTICAL-TECHNIQUES-RCA-201-2017-18MCA-2-SEM-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-NMCA-215-2017-18MCA-2-SEM-DATA-STRUCTURES-RCA-202-2017-18MCA-2-SEM-DATA-STRUCTURE-USING-C-NMCA-213-2017-18MCA-2-SEM-INNOVATION-AND-ENTREPRENEURSHIP-RCA-204-2017-18MCA-2-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-AUTOMATA-THEORY-AND-FORMAL-LANGUAGE-RCA-203-2017-18 2017 Coming Soon - [Scope of E-commerce](https://techarge.in/scope-of-e-commerce/): The Scope of E-commerce is categories into three areas as follows: Electronic Market EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Internet Commerce 1.Electronic Market It is marketing where the exchange of the economic product is coordinated through the electronic exchange of data. Electronic markets (or electronic marketplaces) are information systems (IS) that are used by multiple separate organizational entities within one or among multiple tiers in economic value chains. In analogy to the market concept which can be viewed from a macroeconomic (describing relationships among factors in an economic system, e.g. a monopoly) as well as from a microeconomic (describing different allocation mechanisms, e.g. public auctions of telephone frequencies) perspective, electronic markets… - [Microsoft Releases WinGet 1.0](https://techarge.in/microsoft-releases-winget-1-0/): Last week at Build 2021, Microsoft announced the general availability of its Windows Package Manager, also called WinGet. WinGet 1.0 arrives one year after its announcement at Build 2020, and the subsequent controversy in which a developer alleged that Microsoft stole his product and Microsoft subsequently ignored that complaint. “A package manager is designed to help you save time and frustration,” Microsoft’s Demitrius Nelon explained when the firm announced its plans for WinGet. “Essentially, it is a set of software tools that help you automate the process of getting software on your machine. You specify which apps you want installed, and it does the work of… - [System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)](https://techarge.in/system-development-life-cycle-sdlc/): When the system approach is applied to the development of the system solutions, a multi-step process or cycle emerges. This is frequently called the system development cycle, or system development Life Cycle. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process applies to system development projects ensuring that all functional and user requirements and agency strategic goals and objectives are met. System Development Life Cycle provides a structural and standardized process for all phase’s system development efforts. These phases track the development of the system through several development stages from However, there are several other major activities are involved in a complete development… - [Computer Network Security](https://techarge.in/computer-network-security/): Computer network security consists of measures taken by business or some organizations to monitor and prevent unauthorized access from the outside attackers. Different approaches to computer network security management have different requirements depending on the size of the computer network. For example, a home office requires basic network security while large businesses require high maintenance to prevent the network from malicious attacks. Network Administrator controls access to the data and software on the network. A network administrator assigns the user ID and password to the authorized person. Aspects of Network Security: Following are the desirable properties to achieve secure communication:… - [What are the difference between VR and AR and MR?](https://techarge.in/difference-between-vr-and-ar-and-mr/): Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) are three of the most popular immersive technologies available today. While all three involve the use of computer-generated content, there are fundamental differences between them. In this blog, we’ll explore the differences between VR, AR, and MR. What is immersive technology? To put it in a nutshell, immersive technologies create or extend reality. And this is done by immersing the user in a digital environment having applications in different domains. This technology is gaining momentum with every passing day and hour, transforming and helping us reimagine the future. Watch this… - [Python: Plots, Images, Contour and Pseudocolor in Matplotlib](https://techarge.in/python-plots-images-contour-and-pseudocolor-in-matplotlib/): In this article, you’ll learn about Line Plot in Matplotlib, Multiple subplots in one figure in Matplotlib, Contouring and pseudocolor in Matplotlib, Images in Matplotlib. Line Plot in Matplotlib Here’s how to create a Line plot with text labels using plot(). Output: Multiple subplots in one figure in Matplotlib Multiple axes (i.e. subplots) are created with the subplot() function: Output: Images in Matplotlib Using the imshow() function, Matplotlib can display images (assuming equally spaced horizontal dimensions). Output: Contouring and pseudocolor in Matplotlib A colored representation of a two-dimensional array can be done by the pcolormesh() function. Even if there is… - [What is Flow-Control in networking?](https://techarge.in/what-is-flow-control-in-networking/): In a network, the sender sends the data and the receiver receives the data. But suppose a situation where the sender is sending the data at a speed higher than the receiver is able to receive and process it, then the data will get lost. Flow-control methods will help in ensuring this. The flow control method will keep a check that the senders send the data only at a speed that the receiver is able to receive and process. Flow Control Flow control tells the sender how much data should be sent to the receiver so that it is not lost. This… - [C++ Program to Subtract Complex Number Using Operator Overloading](https://techarge.in/cpp-program-to-subtract-complex-number-using-operator-overloading/): In this article, you’ll learn to make C++ Program to Subtract Complex Number Using Operator Overloading. Complex numbers are mathematical entities consisting of a real part and an imaginary part, denoted by the symbol “i”. They are commonly used in various scientific and engineering fields. In C++, we can create a custom class to represent complex numbers and define operator overloading to enable arithmetic operations like subtraction using the familiar minus (-) symbol. Binary Operator Overloading to Subtract Complex Number Output Enter first complex number:Enter real and imaginary parts respectively: 2 4Enter second complex number:Enter real and imaginary parts respectively:… - [B-tree](https://techarge.in/b-tree/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is B-tree, why B-tree is used, it’s properties and Operations like Searching and B-Tree Applications. What is B-tree ? A B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree generalizes the binary search tree, allowing for nodes with more than two children. Unlike other self-balancing binary search trees. It is also known as a height-balanced m-way tree. B-tree Properties Operations Searching Searching for an element in a B-tree is the generalized form of searching an element in a Binary Search Tree. The following steps are… - [DriverManager class](https://techarge.in/drivermanager-class/): The DriverManager class acts as an interface between user and drivers. It keeps track of the drivers that are available and handles establishing a connection between a database and the appropriate driver. The DriverManager class maintains a list of Driver classes that have registered themselves by calling the method DriverManager.registerDriver(). Useful methods of DriverManager class Method Description 1) public static void registerDriver(Driver driver): is used to register the given driver with DriverManager. 2) public static void deregisterDriver(Driver driver): is used to deregister the given driver (drop the driver from the list) with DriverManager. 3) public static Connection getConnection(String url): is… - [Indexed sequential access method (ISAM)](https://techarge.in/indexed-sequential-access-method-isam/): ISAM method is an advanced sequential file organization. In this method, records are storedin the file using the primary key. An index value is generated for each primary key andmapped with the record. This index contains the address of the record in the file. If any record has to be retrieved based on its index value, then the address of the data block is fetched and the record is retrieved from the memory. Pros of ISAM: In this method, each record has the address of its data block, searching a record in a huge database is quick and easy. This… - [Difference between Google Cloud Platform, AWS and Azure](https://techarge.in/difference-between-google-cloud-platform-aws-and-azure/): Like AWS, Azure and Google cloud platform, are the popular cloud-based platforms. They are most popular cloud service provider in world. However, there are differences amongst them. Some of the main differences between GCP, AWS and Azure are tabulated below: Google Cloud AWS Azure It uses GCE (Google Compute Engine) for computing purposes. AWS EC2 offers core compute services. It uses virtual machines for computation purposes. It uses Google Cloud Storage for storage purposes. It uses Amazon S3 for storing the data. It uses a storage block bob that comprises blocks for storing the data. It offers the lowest price to the customers to… - [Accenture Off Campus Hiring Drive | Associate Job | Program Project Management | 2019-2022 Batch| Apply Now](https://techarge.in/accenture-off-campus-hiring-drive-associate-job-program-project-management-2019-2022-batch-apply-now/): Accenture Off Campus Hiring Drive For 2019, 2021 and 2022 Batch. Program Project Management About Accenture Accenture Plc Is An Irish-American, Professional Services Company Based In Dublin, Specializing In Information Technology Services And Consulting. A Fortune Global 500 Company, It Reported Revenues Of $50.53 Billion In 2021. Accenture Is A Global Professional Services Company With Leading Digital, Cloud, And Security Capabilities. We Are Combining Unmatched Experience And Specialized Skills Across More Than 40 Industries, We Offer Strategy And Consulting, Interactive, Technology, And Operations Services – All Powered By The World’s Largest Network Of Advanced Technology And Intelligent Operations Centers. Our 674,000… - [C++ "Hello World!" Program](https://techarge.in/cpp-hello-world-program/): Here is the simplest C++ program that will print the string, Hello World, on the output. This is the first program told to a newbie while introducing them to programming language. Let’s have a look at the program given below: C++ “Hello World!” Program Output Hello World! In C++, any line starting with // is a comment. Comments are intended for the person reading the code to better understand the functionality of the program. It is completely ignored by the C++ compiler. The iostream is a header file, stands for input/output stream, provides basic input/output services for the C++ program. Like in the above program, cout is used… - [Extending Interface](https://techarge.in/extending-interface-in-java/): Like classes, interface can also be extended. An interface can be subinterfaced from other interface.The new subinterface will inherit all the members of the superinterface in the manner similar to subclasses. syntax for extending interface It is important to remember An interface cannot extend classes.This violate the rule that an interface can have only abstract methods and constants. Now, Have a look on an example - [Third Normal form (3NF)](https://techarge.in/third-normal-form-3nf/): A realtion(table) is said to be in Third Normal form (3NF), if it satifies the following condition: Table must be in 2NF Transitive functional dependency of non-prime attribute on any super key should be removed. An attribute that is not part of any candidate key is known as non-prime attribute. In other words 3NF can be explained like this: A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and for each functional dependency X-> Y at least one of the following conditions hold: X is a super key of table Y is a prime attribute of table An attribute that is a part of… - [Python Function](https://techarge.in/python-function/): In this article you will we learn about python function. How to create a function ,call a function ,passing arguments and more. A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called. You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function. A function can return data as a result. It increases re-usability of code and removes redundancy. Defining a Function A function is defined using the def keyword in python. The basic syntax is SYNTAX def function_name(parameters): function body (statements) The function body consist of indented statements. To end the function body, the indent is to be ended. Every time,… - [GenericServlet](https://techarge.in/genericservlet/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about GenericServlet, Methods of GenericServlet class , Servlet Example by inheriting the GenericServlet class and more. What is GenericServlet You may create a generic servlet by inheriting the GenericServlet class and providing the implementation of the service method. Methods of GenericServlet class There are many methods in GenericServlet class. They are as follows: S.No. Methods Description 1 public void init(ServletConfig config) It is used to initialize the servlet. 2 public abstract void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) It provides service for the incoming request. It is invoked at each time when user requests for a servlet.… - [XAMPP Tomcat/Error starting Tomcat](https://techarge.in/xampp-tomcat-error-starting-tomcat/): Many of the beginner faces this issue because they have not proper knowledge about the environment variable .Let’s see how can be resolve this issue. Follow along to remove the above error we need to create an Environment Variable “JAVA_HOME”. and give the vale as JDK installation directory path. Ex: “C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_66” we need to create an Environment Variable “JRE_HOME”. and give the vale as JRE installation directory path. Ex: “C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_66” Go to your “tomcat” installation directory and then “conf” folder. Ex: “C:\xampp\tomcat\conf”. Edit these given files with these values: open server.xml file which is located inside conf folder. Go to line number… - [HalloApp is a secure alternative to WhatsApp, made by two early WhatsApp employees](https://techarge.in/halloapp-is-a-secure-alternative-to-whatsapp-made-by-two-early-whatsapp-employees/): Neeraj Arora, former Chief Business Officer of WhatsApp, has announced the launch of his new venture called HalloApp which operates as an ad-free, private social network. The latest offering is said to come in the form of a real-relationship network that allows users to have real-life conversations with their contacts. Arora has founded HalloApp in collaboration with his former WhatsApp colleague Michael Donohue. Both Arora and Donohue were among the early employees of the instant messaging app, which Facebook acquired in 2014. Interestingly, HalloApp has several features that make it a close competitor to not only WhatsApp but Facebook as… - [How to Reset a User Password in Domain Controller](https://techarge.in/how-to-reset-a-user-password-in-domain-controller/): In this article, we will walk you through the step-by-step procedure to reset a user password in Domain Controller environment. The Server Active Directory provides us with the easiest administration options and resetting a user password in a Domain Controller (DC) is a common task for system administrators. Whether it’s due to forgotten passwords or security reasons, having a clear process in place is essential. The password is necessary for the protection of user accounts and computers, so it is important to keep them safe. You might forget or lose this Active Directory user’s password if you have it saved.… - [Python Data Types](https://techarge.in/python-data-types/): Every value in Python is called an “object”. And every object has a specific data type. The three most-used data types are as follows:Integers (int) — an integer number to represent an object such as “number 3”. Floating-point numbers (float) — use them to represent floating-point numbers. Strings — codify a sequence of characters using a string. For example, the word “hello”. In Python 3, strings are immutable. If you already defined one, you cannot change it later on. While you can modify a string with commands such as replace() or join(), they will create a copy of a string… - [Paraphrasingtool.ai Review: How to Rewrite Text with a Powerful Paraphrasing Tool?](https://techarge.in/paraphrasingtool-ai-review-how-to-rewrite-text-with-a-powerful-paraphrasing-tool/): As a writer, you’re probably no stranger to the grueling task of rewriting content to avoid plagiarism or to tailor it for a specific audience. The constant search for the right words can be tiring, and the fear of misrepresenting the original meaning lurks behind each line. A paraphrasing tool like Paraphrasingtool.ai is a potent solution to this problem to lighten your load and refine your craft.  Why should you believe me? Well, I’ve spent half a decade reviewing AI tools, exploring the strengths and pitfalls of similar solutions. Whenever I struggle with black page paralysis in my writing or… - [Economics Notes Part I](https://techarge.in/economics-notes-part-i/): Topics covered in the PDF are: Difference between micro-economics and macro economics Production possible curve Law of Demand Change in Demand Elasticity of Demand Law of Supply and many more …. - [Frequent Itemset in Data set (Association Rule Mining)](https://techarge.in/frequent-itemset-in-data-set-association-rule-mining/): In this article you will learn about Frequent Item set in Data set (Association Rule Mining). Association Mining searches for frequent items in the data-set. In frequent mining usually the interesting associations and correlations between item sets in transactional and relational databases are found. In short, Frequent Mining shows which items appear together in a transaction or relation. Need of Association Mining:Frequent mining is the generation of association rules from a Transactional Dataset. If there are 2 items X and Y purchased frequently then it’s good to put them together in stores or provide some discount offer on one item on… - [What is an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IFFE)?](https://techarge.in/what-is-an-immediately-invoked-function-expressions/): In this article, you learn about What is an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IFFE) and more. What is IFFE in JavaScript? An IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) is a JavaScript function that runs as soon as it is defined. IFFE is widely used in patterns that power most of the JavaScript frameworks in the ecosystem. With IIFE, variables and whatever is defined within that function is made private, private meaning that the values of anything within the function block can not be accessed outside it. With IIFE software engineers can scope variables, objects, and even methods to avoid function name conflict and they can also break… - [Introduction to C++](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-cpp/): C++ History Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) C++ supports object-oriented programming, the four major pillar of object-oriented programming (OPPs) used in C++ are: C++ Standard Libraries Standard C++ programming is divided into three important parts: Application of C++ By the help of C++ programming language, we can develop different types of secured and robust applications: C++ Hello World Program Let’s have look on a simple C++ program to Print “Welcome to C++” message to the console. Let’s go through it line by line: - [C Programming Variables, Constants and Literals](https://techarge.in/c-programming-variables-constants-and-literals/): In C Programming ,Here we are going to talk about Variables, Constants and Literals. Variables In programming, a variable is a container (storage area) to hold data. To indicate the storage area, each variable should be given a unique name (identifier). Variable names are just the symbolic representation of a memory location. For example: Here, playerScore is a variable of int type. Here, the variable is assigned an integer value 95. The value of a variable can be changed, hence the name variable. Rules for naming a variable A variable name can only have letters (both uppercase and lowercase letters), digits and underscore. The first… - [B+ Tree](https://techarge.in/bplus-tree/): A B+ tree follows a multi-level index format and is a balanced binary search tree. A B+ tree’s leaf nodes denote actual data pointers. The B+ tree ensures that all leaf nodes stay balanced at the same height. In addition, a link list connects the leaf nodes; a B+ tree can therefore allow both random access and sequential access. Structure of B+ Tree Each node on the leaf is the same distance from the root node. For any B+ tree, a B+ tree is of the order n where n is fixed. Internal nodes − Leaf nodes − B+ Tree… - [Introduction to C#](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-csharp/): C# is the language at the heart of many Windows applications, including Windows Phone and Windows Store apps. It is the principal programming language for Microsoft and required knowledge for developers in this area. C# development started at Microsoft in the late 1990s by a team led by Anders Hejlsberg. and his team within the .Net initiative and was approved by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) and International Standards Organization (ISO). C# is a lot similar to Java syntactically and is easy for the users who have knowledge of C, C++ or Java. Advantages of C# C# is very efficient in managing the… - [Indexing in DBMS](https://techarge.in/indexing-in-dbms/): Indexing in DBMS is used to optimize the performance of a database by minimizing the number of disk accesses required when a query is processed. It is a data structure technique that is used to quickly locate and access the data in a database. An index : Index structure: Indexes can be created using some database columns. Advantages of indexing Advantages of indexing are as follows Disadvantages of indexing Disadvantages of indexing are as follows Types of Indexing *note: It’s Sparse not spare Ordered indices The indices are usually sorted to make searching faster. The indices which are sorted are… - [Python Program for Check if all digits of a number divide it](https://techarge.in/python-program-for-check-if-all-digits-of-a-number-divide-it/): In this program, you’ll learn to how to check for given a number n, find whether all digits of n divide it or not. Suppose you have given a number 128, then we divide the number by digits at different places like one’s place, ten’s place, hundred’s place. i.e. Input : 128 Output : Yes 128 % 1 == 0, 128 % 2 == 0, and 128 % 8 == 0. Input : 130 Output : No We want to test whether each digit is non-zero and divides the number. For example, with 128, we want to test d !=… - [How to Install NodeJs and NPM on Windows](https://techarge.in/how-to-install-node-js-and-npm-on-windows/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn What is NodeJs , How to Install NodeJs and NPM on Windows and more. How to install NodeJs and NPM on Windows Step 1: Download NodeJs Installer In a web browser, navigate to https://nodejs.org/en/download/. Click the Windows Installer button to download the latest default version. At the time this article was written, version 10.16.0-x64 was the latest version. The Node.js installer includes the NPM package manager. Note: There are other versions available. If you have an older system, you may need the 32-bit version. You can also use the top link to switch from the stable LTS version to… - [Virtual Function in C++](https://techarge.in/virtual-function-in-cpp-2/): In this article, you’ll learn about Virtual Function in C++, rules of virtual function ,late binding, Pure Virtual Function and more. A virtual function is a member function that is declared within a base class and is re-defined(Overriden) by a derived class. It is declared using the virtual keyword. When the function is made virtual, C++ determines which function is to be invoked at the runtime based on the type of the object pointed by the base class pointer rather than the type of function. Rules of Virtual Function Late binding or Dynamic linkage In late binding function call is… - [JavaScript MCQs II](https://techarge.in/javascript-mcqs-ii/): Wonderful JavaScript MCQs Series for Beginner .Practice these MCQs to enhance and test the knowledge of JavaScript. This JavaScript Quiz is based on Operators. 1. Which of the following statement is true about BitWise OR? Show Answer 4) It performs a Boolean OR operation on each bit of its integer arguments. 2.Which one of the following options are not valid in JavaScript? Show Answer 1)”My name is “Harry” “ 3.What is the output for code A and B? Show Answer 1)10,11 4. Which operator is known as the equality operator, which checks whether its two operators are “equal”? Show Answer 2)== 5.isNan… - [AWS EBS (Elastic Block Storage)](https://techarge.in/aws-ebs-elastic-block-storage/): In this article you’ll learn about AWS EBS (Elastic Block Storage), if you don’t know about Elastics Computing Cloud, have look on that article. Amazon EBS allows you to create storage volumes and attach them to the EC2 instances. Important to remember that you can’t attach the same EBS to multiple instances (it is not a network drive), but you can duplicate EBS by taking a snapshot and attaching the snapshot to another instance. Amazon EBS volumes are placed in a specific availability zone, and they are automatically replicated to protect you from the failure of a single component. EBS… - [Java Program to Compute Quotient and Remainder](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-compute-quotient-and-remainder/): The remainder is the integer left over after dividing one integer by another. The quotient is the quantity produced by the division of two numbers. In this program we are going to compute Quotient and Remainder using java. What You get as Output , After running the program Happy Programming:) - [Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite internet service by SpaceX](https://techarge.in/elon-musks-starlink-satellite-internet-service-by-spacex/): Starlink, a high-speed internet service led by Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, is now available in India for pre-booking. The service will start functioning in the country from 2022 through SpaceX satellites that will be launched in orbit. High-speed, low latency broadband internet. Starlink is now delivering initial beta service both domestically and internationally, and will continue expansion to near global coverage of the populated world in 2021. During beta, users can expect to see data speeds vary from 50Mb/s to 150Mb/s and latency from 20ms to 40ms in most locations over the next several months as we enhance… - [HTML Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/html-cheatsheet/): Here, In this article on HTML Cheatsheet you are going through pin-point basics concept of HTML. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages. HTML describes the structure of a Web page. Sample program HTML Tags HTML Tags Description Example <h1..h6>Headers </h1..h6> <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6> are the heading tags, where <h1> is most important heading and <h6> is least important heading. <h1>MY FIRST BLOG</h1> <div>..</div> <div> is used to wrap a block of code as a single block <div> Block of code </div> <span> … </span> Used to inject inline elements, like an image, icon etc without disturbing the… - [Java Flow Control Statements](https://techarge.in/java-flow-control-statements/): In this article, you’ll learn about Java Flow Control Statements which includes If-else Statement, Switch Statement, While Loop, Do While and more. Java application code is normally executed sequentially from top to bottom in the order that the code appears. To apply business logic, we may need to execute code on conditional basis. Control flow statements helps in this conditional execution of code blocks. All control flow statements are associated with a business condition – when true, the code block executes; when false it is skipped. Java supports following control statements. 1. If-else Statement If-else statement tells the program to execute a certain section of code… - [Strings in Java](https://techarge.in/strings-in-java/): In this article, you’ll learn about Strings in Java, what is reference datatype in java, and more. Int, Boolean, double, char, are primitive data types. These are great for storing a whole number, true/false values, a single letter or symbol, but what if you wanted to store and reference some text, something that requires more than just a single character?  In this tutorial, we’ll be looking at the second overarching category of Java data types called Reference types.  What is reference datatype in Java A reference type is a data type that’s based on a class rather than on one of the primitive types that are built in to… - [Modes of Transmission in Network](https://techarge.in/modes-of-transmission-in-network/): In this article, you’ll learn about Modes of Transmission in Network such as Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex. What are Transmission Modes in Computer Networks? Transmission modes in computer networks define how data flows between two devices on a communication channel that includes an optical fiber, wireless channels, copper wires, and other storage media . It is also known as Data Communication Mode. The transmission mode is sometimes referred to as a directional mode because each communication channel is coupled with a direction provided by the transmission media. There are three types of communication ,that is possible between the devices. 1. Simplex Mode In simplex… - [Prutor Python Quiz 3](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-3/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [Control Statements in C](https://techarge.in/control-statements-in-c/): Control Statements in C are used to execute/transfer the control from one part of the program to another depending on a condition.  To control the flow of program execution in c programming languages. C provides two styles of flow control: Branching (or) Selectional statements Looping ( or ) Iterative statements Branching is deciding what actions to take and looping is deciding how many times to take a certainaction.Selectional statement are used to make one-time decisions in C Programming, that is, to executesome code/s and ignore some code/s depending upon the test expression. Types of Control Statement in C Types of Control Statements in… - [Statement interface](https://techarge.in/statement-interface/): The Statement interface provides methods to execute queries with the database. The statement interface is a factory of ResultSet i.e. it provides factory method to get the object of ResultSet. Commonly used methods of Statement interface: The important methods of Statement interface are as follows: 1) public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql): is used to execute SELECT query. It returns the object of ResultSet. 2) public int executeUpdate(String sql): is used to execute specified query, it may be create, drop, insert, update, delete etc. 3) public boolean execute(String sql): is used to execute queries that may return multiple results. 4) public int[] executeBatch(): is used to execute batch… - [JavaScript MCQs III](https://techarge.in/javascript-mcqs-iii/): Wonderful JavaScript MCQs Series for Beginner .Practice these MCQs to enhance and test the knowledge of JavaScript. 1.What is the output for the following code? Show Answer 1) 2 2.What is the output of the following expression? Show Answer 1) Nothing 3.Which of the following regarding scope is true? Show Answer 4) Variables that have a local scope are only visible in the function in which they are declared. 4.What is true about functions? I) Functions are objects II) Can be assigned to a variable III) Can be anonymous IV) Return value type has to be defined in a function… - [Computer network attack (CNA)](https://techarge.in/computer-network-attack-cna/): In this article, you’ll learn what is Computer network attack (CNA), What are the Common Types of Network Attacks and Why do cyber attacks happen. Computer network attack (CNA) can be defined as actions taken through the use of computer networks to disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information resident in computers and computer networks, or the computers and networks themselves. Many people rely on the Internet for many of their professional, social and personal activities. But there are also people who attempt to damage our Internet-connected computers, violate our privacy, and render inoperable the Internet services. What Is a Network… - [TCS Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/tcs-interview-questions/): Before starting with TCS Interview Questions, Let have a look at the background of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology services and consulting company, headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. As of February 2021 TCS is the largest company in the IT sector in the world by Market capitalization of $169.2 billion It is a part of the Tata group and operates in 46 countries. TCS is one of the largest Indian companies by market capitalization and one of the most trusted Indian brands worldwide. It alone generates 70% of the dividends of… - [Windows 11 Now Official, Brings Fresh UI, Centrally-Placed Start Menu](https://techarge.in/windows-11-now-official-brings-fresh-ui-centrally-placed-start-menu/): Windows 11 is now official. Windows 11 will be available as a free upgrade to Windows 10 users. Microsoft’s new Windows operating system has debuted nearly six years after the release of Windows 10 that took place in July 2015. The update, which is being called the “next generation” of Windows, comes with a massive redesign over its predecessor, starting from an all-new boot screen and startup sound to a centrally-placed Start menu and upgraded widgets. Windows 11 also removes elements including the annoying “Hi Cortana” welcome screen and Live Tiles. Windows has always stood for sovereignty for creators and… - [Boyce Codd normal form (BCNF)](https://techarge.in/boyce-codd-normal-form-bcnf/): Boyce–Codd normal form is a normal form used in database normalization. It is a slightly stronger version of the third normal form. BCNF was developed in 1974 by Raymond F. Boyce and Edgar F. Codd to address certain types of anomalies not dealt with by 3NF as originally defined. Example: Suppose there is an university wherein student opted in more than one subject . They store the data like this: stud_id stud_nationality stud_subject dept_type sub_code 1001 Indian ECE SCIENCE 200 1002 American GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENTAL 250 1002 American CSE SCIENCE 280 1001 Indian ANTHROPOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL 300 Functional dependencies in the table above:stud_id… - [Methods in Java](https://techarge.in/methods-in-java/): In this article you’ll learn about Methods in Java, Static Method, Static Block and The “finalize ()” method . Methods A method is the block of code that can be called anywhere in a program. It contains a group of statements to perform an operation. Combination of method name and parameter is known as method signature. Required elements of method declaration are the method name, return type, a pair of parenthesis and body between braces {}. Syntax modifier returntype methodName (parameter){     // body} Example public static int display (int a, String b){     //method body} where,public static: modifiersint: return typedisplay: method nameint a, String b: parametersdisplay (int… - [Virtual Function in C++](https://techarge.in/virtual-function-in-cpp/): A virtual function is a member function that is declared within a base class and is re-defined(Overriden) by a derived class. It is declared using the virtual keyword. When the function is made virtual, C++ determines which function is to be invoked at the runtime based on the type of the object pointed by the base class pointer rather than the type of function. Rules of Virtual Function Virtual functions must be members of some class. Virtual functions cannot be static members. A virtual function must be defined in the base class, even though it is not used. They are… - [Bubble Sorting](https://techarge.in/bubble-sorting/): Bubble sort is based on the idea of repeatedly comparing pairs of adjacent elements and then swapping their positions if they exist in the wrong order. Assume that A[] is an unsorted array of n elements. This array needs to be sorted in ascending order. The pseudo code is as follows: Lets try to understand the pseudo code with an example: A [ ] = { 7, 4, 5, 2} In step 1, 7 is compared with 4. Since 7>4, 7 is moved ahead of 4. Since all the other elements are of a lesser value than 7, 7 is moved to the end of the array. Now the array is A[]={4,5,2,7}. In step 2, 4 is compared… - [Operating System Introduction](https://techarge.in/operating-system-introduction/): An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Features of Operating Systems Here is a list of some significant functions of an Operating System, which is found common, is almost all operating system: Memory Management Processor Managing Device Managing File handling Security Handling System performance controlling Job accounting and handling Error detecting and handling Synchronization with other software and users Types of Operating System Different types of Operating System are as follows: Simple Batch System Multiprogramming Batch System Multiprocessor System Desktop System Distributed Operating System Clustered System Realtime Operating System Handheld System Objectives of Operating System An operating… - [CSJMU BCA 5 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/csjmu-bca-5-sem-question-papers/): CSJMU BCA 5 SEM QUESTION PAPERS BCA TUTORIAL  |  MCA TUTORIAL 2024 – 2025 BCA V SEM JAVA PROGRAMMING 2024-25 BCA V SEM COMPUTER NETWORK 2024-25 BCA V SEM KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2024-25 BCA V SEM NUMERICAL METHODS 2024-25 [my_ads1] 2024 BCA-5-SEM-COMPUTER-NETWORK-BCA-5003-2024BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WEBPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-5002-2024BCA-5-SEM-KNOWLEDGE-MANAGEMENT-BCA-5001-2024BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-5004-2024 [my_ads1] 2023 BCA-5-SEM-COMPUTER-NETWORK-BCA-503-N-2023BCA-5-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-DBMS-BCA-501-N-2023BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-WEBPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502-N-2023BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504-N-2023 [my_ads1] 2021 BCA-5-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-DBMS-BCA-501N-APR-2021 BCA-5-SEM-COMPUTER-NETWORK-BCA-503N-APR-2021 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-DEC-2021 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-2021 [my_ads1] 2019 BCA-5-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-DBMS-BCA-501N-DEC-2019 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-DEC-2019 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-DEC-2019 [my_ads1] 2018 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-2018 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-2018 [my_ads1] 2017 BCA-5-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-DBMS-BCA-501N-DEC-2017 BCA-5-SEM-JAVA-PROGRAMMING-AND-DYNAMIC-WABPAGE-DESIGN-BCA-502N-DEC-2017 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-DEC-2017 [my_ads1] 2016 BCA-5-SEM-NUMERICAL-METHODS-BCA-504N-2016 - [Optical Fiber](https://techarge.in/optical-fiber/): What is Optical Fiber? A cable which is used to transmit the data through fibers (threads) or plastic (glass) is known as optical fiber cable. This cable includes a pack of glass threads which transmits modulated messages over light waves. There are many advantages by using these cables over other types of communication cables like bandwidth of these cables is high, less vulnerable than metal cables to interference, less thin, lighter, and the data can be transmitted in the form of digitally. The main disadvantages of these cables are installation is expensive, more delicate and difficult to fix together. Advantages and Disadvantages… - [Transaction in DBMS](https://techarge.in/transaction-in-dbms/): What is transaction? A transaction is an action, or series of actions that are being performed by a single user or application program, which reads or updates the contents of the database. A transaction can be defined as a logical unit of work on the database. Example: Suppose an employee of a bank transfers Rs 500 from M’s account to N’s account. This small transaction contains several low-level tasks: M's Account Open_Account(M) Old_Balance = M.balance New_Balance = Old_Balance - 500 X.balance = New_Balance Close_Account(M) N's Account Open_Account(N) Old_Balance = Y.balance New_Balance = Old_Balance + 500 Y.balance = New_Balance Close_Account(N) Operations… - [Bitwise operators in Java](https://techarge.in/bitwise-operators-in-java/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Bitwise operators in Java. Java defines various bit-wise operators, which work’s on bits and performs the bit-by-bit operation. It can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte. Assume if a = 60 and b = 10; now in binary format they will be as follows −  a = 0011 1100 b = 0000 1010 ----------------- a&b = 0000 1000 a|b = 0011 1110 a^b = 0011 0110 ~a = 1100 0011 The following table lists the bitwise operators − Assume integer variable A holds 60 and variable B holds… - [CSJMU BCA 2 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/csjmu-bca-2-sem-question-papers/): CSJMU BCA 2 SEM QUESTION PAPERS BCA TUTORIAL  |  MCA TUTORIAL 2024-2025 BCA II SEM FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT BCA2004 2024-25 BCA II SEM INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN BCA2002 2024-25 BCA II SEM MATHEMATICS II BCA2005 2024-25 BCA II SEM OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++ BCA2001 2024-25 BCA II SEM ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR BCA2003 2024-25 2023-2024 BCA II SEM C PROGRAMMING 2024 BCA II SEM DIGITAL ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER ORGANIZATION 2024 BCA II SEM FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & MANAGEMENT BCA204N 2024 BCA II SEM FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & MANAGEMENT BCA2004 2024 BCA II SEM INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN 2024 BCA II… - [50+ AWS Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/50-aws-interview-questions/): In order to get your AWS career started, you need to set up some AWS interviews and ace them. In the spirit of doing that, here are some AWS interview questions and answers that will help you with the interview process. What is AWS? AWS stands for Amazon Web Service; it is a collection of remote computing services also known as a cloud computing platform.  This new realm of cloud computing is also known as IaaS or Infrastructure as a Service. What the key components of AWS are? The key components of AWS are What is EC2? EC2, a Virtual… - [MMMUT MCA PAPER I SEMESTER](https://techarge.in/mmmut-mca-paper-i-semester/): From this page you can download MMMUT MCA I SEMESTER PAPER year wise in single pdf by clicking on respective links, following subject paper is included in pdf. MCA-111 Object Oriented Programming with C++MCA-112 Database Management Systems MCA-113 Computer Organization & Architecture MCA-114 Software Engineering Year 2021-2022 MINOR PAPERS MAJOR PAPERS Year 2022-2023 MINOR PAPERS MAJOR PAPERS - [Problem Solving Approach](https://techarge.in/problem-solving-approach/): What is a Problem ? We all come across many problem in our life. We identity that problem and take necessary steps to ensure that it is solved. Similarly, In any Programming Language, when we come across a problem statement ,we identity it and take necessary action. A problem is a difficulty challenge or any situation that needs a solution. Driving a car to office, making a cup of tea, solving a crossword puzzle.All these are problem that we face in our day to day life. Step for Solving a Problem 1.Problem Identification or (Requirement Analysis) It is an important… - [Input Output and Forms Design](https://techarge.in/input-output-and-forms-design/): In this article you’ll learn about Input Output and Forms Design its objective, Types of Forms, and more. Input Design In an information system, input is the raw data this is processed to produce output. at some point of the input design, the developers have to consider the input devices together with PC, MICR, OMR, etc. Therefore, the nice of system input determines the nice of system output. Well designed input forms and screens have following properties All these objectives are obtained using the knowledge of basic design principles regarding Objectives for Input Design The objectives of input design are… - [Git & Github 2021 Cheat Sheet](https://techarge.in/git-github-cheat-sheet/): Git is an open-source, version control tool created in 2005 by developers working on the Linux operating system; GitHub is a company founded in 2008 that makes tools which integrate with git. You do not need GitHub to use git, but you cannot use GitHub without using git. This cheat sheet features the most important and commonly used Git commands for easy reference. INSTALLATION & GUIS With platform specific installers for Git, GitHub also provides the ease of staying up-to-date with the latest releases of the command line tool while providing a graphical user interface for day-to-day interaction, review, and repository synchronization. GitHub for Windows https://windows.github.com GitHub for Mac https://mac.github.com… - [Draw Indian Flag using Python](https://techarge.in/draw-indian-flag-using-python/): This Independence day I tried to do something creative and made an Indian Flag with Turtle using Python. In this article, we will learn how to Draw “The Great Indian Flag” using Python Turtle Graphics. Here, we will be using many turtle functions like begin_fill(), end_fill() to fill color inside the Flag, penup(), pendown(), goto() etc to reaching the target. Functions of turtle graphics: Let’s Understand , How we do it Source Code with comments: Indian Flag using Python Turtle Graphics OUTPUT So, Here is our Draw Indian Flag using Python. Simple isn’t it?? This is how we have successfully done with the ‘… - [AWS Community Builders Program](https://techarge.in/aws-community-builders-program/): The AWS Community Builders program offers technical resources, mentorship, and networking opportunities to AWS technical enthusiasts and emerging thought leaders who are passionate about sharing knowledge and connecting with the technical community. Interested AWS builders should apply to the program to build relationships with AWS product teams, AWS Heroes, and the AWS community. Throughout the program, AWS subject matter experts will provide informative webinars, share insights — including information about the latest services — as well as best practices for creating technical content, increasing reach, and sharing AWS knowledge across online and in-person communities. The program will accept a limited… - [Higher Order Functions in JavaScript Map, Filter, Reduce and more](https://techarge.in/higher-order-functions-in-javascript-map-filter-reduce-and-more/): Let’s crack it with an example of a higher order function Without a higher order function, if I want to add one to each number in an array and display it in the console, I can do the following The function addOne() accepts an array, adds one to each number in the array, and displays it in the console. The original values remain unchanged in the array, but the function is doing something for each value. However, using what may be the most common higher order function, forEach(), we can write the whole function in one line. We’ve abstracted the function definition and… - [Types of Transmission Technologies](https://techarge.in/types-of-transmission-technologies/): The transmission means, is that sending a signal from one location to another. Transmission technologies refer to the physical layer protocol such as modulation, demodulation, line coding, error control etc. The transmission technology can be categorized broadly into two types: Broadcast networks Point-to-point networks - [Second Normal Form (2NF)](https://techarge.in/second-normal-form-2nf/): A realtion(table) is said to be in 2NF if it satifies the following condition: Table is in 1NF (First normal form) In the second normal form, all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key. An attribute that is not part of any candidate key is known as non-prime attribute. Example: Suppose a school wants to store the data of teachers and the subjects they teach. They create a table that looks like this: Since a teacher can teach more than one subjects, the table can have multiple rows for a same teacher. teacher_id subject code teacher_age 111… - [Introduction to DBMS](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-dbms/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is data, database, database management system (DBMS) and its application, as well as advantages and disadvantages. What is Database? A database is a collection of interrelated data and a database system is basically computer-based record keeping. Purpose of Database Type of Databases A DBMS can support many different types of databases. Databases can be classified according to the number of users, the database location, and the expected type and extent of use. What is DBMS? A database is an organized, persistent collection of data of an organization. The Database Management System is a… - [Types of Computers and Features](https://techarge.in/types-of-computers-and-features/): In this article you will learn about different types of computers and their features. There are two basic categories of computers: Special purpose and General Purpose. Special purpose computers are designed to perform a specific task such as keeping time in a digital watch or programming a video cassette recorder. In the case of General purpose computers they are adapted to perform any number of functions or tasks. Computers based on their size, cost and performance can be further classified into four types Super Computers Supercomputers are the most powerful computers made. They are built to process huge amounts of… - [AKTU MCA 4 SEMESTER QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/aktu-mca-4-semester-question-papers/): AKTU MCA 4 SEMESTER QUESTION PAPERS [my_ads1] 2019 MCA-4-SEM-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-RCA403-2019 MCA-4-SEM-CLIENT-SERVER-COMPUTING-RCAE12-2019 MCA-4-SEM-COMPILER-DESIGN-RCA404-2019 MCA-4-SEM-COMPUTER-NETWORKS-RCA-402-2019 MCA-4-SEM-DATABASE-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM-RCA401-2019 MCA-4-SEM-FUNDAMENTAL-OF-DATA-STRUCTURE-NUMERICAL-AND-COMPUTATIONAL-THEORY-RCAA02-2019 MCA-4-SEM-NETWORK-SECURITY-AND-CRYPTOGRAPHY-CA-406-2019 MCA-4-SEM-WEB-TECHNOLOGY-2-CA404-2019 [my_ads1] 2018 MCA-4-SEM-ADVANCED-COMPUTER-ARCHITECTURE-NMCAE-14-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-ADVANCED-COMPUTER-ARCHITECTURE-RCAE-14-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-CLIENT-SERVER-COMPUTING-NMCAE-12-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-CLIENT-SERVER-COMPUTING-RCAE-12-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-COMPUTER-GRAPHICS-AND-MULTIMEDIA-CA-403-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-COMPUTER-NETWORK-RCA-402-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-DATABASE-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS-RCA-401-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-DATA-WAREHOUSING-AND-MINING-NMCAE-13-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-DATA-WAREHOUSING-AND-MINING-RCAE-13-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-DESIGN-DEVELOPMENT-OF-APPLICATIONS-RCA-E11-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-DISTRIBUTED-SYSTEM-NMCAE-15-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-FUNDAMENTAL-OF-DATA-STRUCTURE-NUMERICAL-AND-COMPUTATIONAL-THEORY-RCAA-02-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-MANAGEMENT-INFORMATION-SYSTEM-NMCA-411-2017-18MCA-4-SEM-MOBILE-COMPUTING-RCAE-15-2017-18   2017 - [Differences between the OSI and TCP/IP model](https://techarge.in/differences-between-the-osi-and-tcp-ip-model/): Differences between the OSI and TCP/IP model are as follows : OSI Model TCP/IP model It is developed by ISO (International Standard Organization) It is developed by ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network). OSI model provides a clear distinction between interfaces, services, and protocols. TCP/IP doesn’t have any clear distinguishing points between services, interfaces, and protocols. OSI refers to Open Systems Interconnection. TCP refers to Transmission Control Protocol. OSI uses the network layer to define routing standards and protocols. TCP/IP uses only the Internet layer. OSI follows a vertical approach. TCP/IP follows a horizontal approach. OSI model use two separate layers physical… - [Difference between Private key and Public key](https://techarge.in/difference-between-private-key-and-public-key/): In this article you’ll learn about difference between Private key and Public key in Cryptography. Cryptography is the science of secret writing with the intention of keeping the data secret. Cryptography is classified into symmetric cryptography, asymmetric cryptography, and hashing. Private Key:In Private key, the same key (secret key) is used for encryption and decryption. This key is symmetric because the only key is copy or share by another party to decrypt the ciphertext. It is faster than public-key cryptography. Public Key:In Public key, two keys are used one key is used for encryption and another key is used for decryption.… - [C Programming Operators and Expressions](https://techarge.in/c-programming-operators-and-expressions/): An operator is a symbol that operates on a value or a variable which are used to perform logical and mathematical operations in a C program are called C operators. These C operators join individual constants and variables to form expressions. Operators, functions, constants and variables are combined together to form expressions. Consider the expression A + B * 5. where, +, * are operators, A, B  are variables, 5 is constant and A + B * 5 is an expression. TYPES OF C OPERATORS C language offers many types of operators. They are, Arithmetic operators Assignment operators Relational operators… - [What is Prototyping in System Analysis and Design?](https://techarge.in/what-is-prototyping-in-system-analysis-and-design/): In this article you’ll learn about What is prototyping in System Analysis and Design ,Steps involving in Prototyping. A prototyping approach emphasizes the construction model of a system. Designing and building a scaled-down but functional version of a desired system is the process known as Prototyping. Information system applications can be best achieved with the help of the Prototyping which helps the developer to create a working model. Prototyping helps to give an idea about the system but it doesn’t contain all the features or it doesn’t perform the necessary functions which are needed for the final system. Stages in… - [Prutor Python Quiz 9](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-9/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [Digital Signature](https://techarge.in/computer-network-digital-signature/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Digital Signature, Key Generation Algorithm, Signing Algorithm, and Signature verification Algorithms. A digital signature is a mathematical technique used to validate the authenticity and integrity of a message, software, or digital document. The basic idea behind the Digital Signature is to sign a document. When we send a document electronically, we can also sign it. We can sign a document in two ways: to sign a whole document and to sign a digest. Signing the Whole Document Digital Signature is used to achieve the following three aspects Note: Digital Signature does not provide privacy.… - [Ceil and Floor functions in C++](https://techarge.in/ceil-and-floor-functions-in-cpp/): The floor and ceiling functions map a real number to the greatest preceding or the least succeeding integer, respectively. floor(x) : Returns the largest integer that is smaller than or equal to x (i.e : rounds downs the nearest integer). // Here x is the floating point value. // Returns the largest integer smaller // than or equal to x double floor(double x) Examples of Floor: Input : 3.5 Output : 3 Input : -3.1 Output : -4 Input : 1.9 Output : 1 Output: Floor is : 3 Floor is : -4 ceil(x) : Returns the smallest integer that is greater… - [JavaScript MCQs IV](https://techarge.in/javascript-mcqs-iv/): Wonderful JavaScript MCQs Series for Beginner. Practice these MCQs to enhance and test the knowledge of JavaScript, In this series this test is based on JavaScript Objects. 1.In JavaScript, an object is a container of properties and functions. Properties are identified by ____ and behavior is identified by _____. Show Answer 1) variables, functions 2.In a multidimensional array mySubject, which of the following option will allow assigning the value 100 in position 5 of the third mySubject array? Show Answer 2) mySubject[2][4] = 100 3.To retrieve the day of the month from the Date object, which is the code to… - [Python Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/python-cheatsheet/): Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together. Basics display comments Data Types Category Data Type Text str Number int, float, complex Boolean bool Binary bytes, bytearray, memoryview Set set, frozenset Sequence list, tuple, range Mapping dict Data casting Constructor function desc int() constructs an integer from any form of data like string, float or integer float() constructs a float… - [Things you Should Know about Bitcoin](https://techarge.in/things-you-should-know-about-bitcoin/): What is Bitcoin? Bitcoin is made from the word cryptography + currency. Bitcoin is a Cryptocurrency invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The currency began to use in 2009 when its implementation was released as open-source software. What is Cryptography? Cryptography is associated with the process of converting ordinary plain text into unintelligent text and vice-versa. It is the method of storing & transmitting data in a particular form so that only those for whom it is intended can read and process it. To know more about cryptography check out… - [HOW TO INSTALL WORDPRESS ON XAMPP](https://techarge.in/how-to-install-wordpress-on-xampp/): Want to know HOW TO INSTALL WORDPRESS ON XAMPP Locally then you are at the right place. This is a great idea if you want a development site that can be used for testing or other purposes. XAMPP lets you run a website from your very own computer. And once you get it set up, you can spin up a new WordPress install with just a few clicks. Installation of xampp Step 1 : Open the XAMPP site. Go to https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html in your PC’s internet browser.Step 2: Depending on your operating system,download the version of the xampp that is suitable… - [C Recursion](https://techarge.in/c-recursion/): In this tutorial, you will learn to write C Recursion with the help of an example. A function that calls itself is known as a recursive function. And, this technique is known as recursion. The C programming language supports recursion, i.e., a function to call itself. But while using recursion, programmers need to be careful to define an exit condition from the function, otherwise it will go into an infinite loop. Recursive functions are very useful to solve many mathematical problems, such as calculating the factorial of a number, generating Fibonacci series, etc. Number Factorial The following example calculates the… - [Web Terminology](https://techarge.in/web-terminology/): Let have a look on the web terminology Servlet Terminology Description Website: static vs dynamic It is a collection of related web pages that may contain text, images, audio and video. HTTP It is the data communication protocol used to establish communication between client and server. HTTP Requests It is the request send by the computer to a web server that contains all sorts of potentially interesting information. Get vs Post It gives the difference between GET and POST request. Container It is used in java for dynamically generating the web pages on the server side. Server: Web vs Application… - [Program to find the diagonal sum of a matrix](https://techarge.in/program-to-find-the-diagonal-sum-of-a-matrix/): In this article, you’ll learn to make Program to find the diagonal sum of a matrix in different programming languages. For example, consider the following 3 X 3 input matrix. A00 A01 A02 A10 A11 A12 A20 A21 A22 The primary diagonal is formed by the elements A00, A11, A22 Condition for Principal Diagonal: The row-column condition is row = column. The secondary diagonal is formed by the elements A03, A12, A21 Condition for Secondary Diagonal: The row-column condition is row = numberOfRows – column -1 Input : 4 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 7 8 9… - [Data Types in Java](https://techarge.in/data-types-in-java/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Data types in Java, Primitive data types, Non-primitive data types and more.  In computer science, data is information that is stored or processed by a computer. There are many data points we use in everyday life. Your name, your age, the number of apples in your pantry, whether your kitchen light is on or off. These can all be considered pieces of data, and we represent pieces of data in code using data types. Similar to other programming languages, Java classifies different pieces of data with data types based on their value.  For example, there’s a data type for letters and symbols, and there… - [What is Linux? Evolution, Advantages, Disadvantages and Architecture](https://techarge.in/what-is-linux-evolution-advantages-disadvantages-and-architecture/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Linux? Evolution, Advantages, Disadvantages, Structure and Architecture. Linux is a UNIX-base operating system. Its original creator was a Finnish student name Linus Torvalds. In 1991 he announced the creation of a new core operating system that he had named Linux. Its ‘open source’, belongs to nobody, and is free to download and use. Linux is free to use and install. It is more reliable than almost all other systems, running for many months and even years without a reboot being necessary. Any changes to it are open for all and is rapidly gaining in… - [Linked list Data Structure](https://techarge.in/linked-list-data-structure/): In this tutorial, you will learn about linked list data structure and it’s implementation in Python, Java, C, and C++. Linked List is a linear data structure. Unlike arrays, linked list elements are not stored at a contiguous location; the elements are linked using pointers. Why use linked list over array? Arrays can be used to store linear data of similar types, but arrays have the following limitations.  The size of the arrays is fixed, So we must know the upper limit on the number of elements in advance. Inserting a new element in an array of elements is expensive… - [Drawing Pikachu with the Python turtle library](https://techarge.in/drawing-pikachu-with-the-python-turtle-library/): Drawing Pikachu with the Python turtle library is a fun and exciting project that can help beginners learn the basics of programming while creating a cute and iconic character. In this blog post, we will walk through the steps of drawing Pikachu using the turtle module in Python. What is Turtle? In Python, the turtle module provides a way to create graphics and drawings using a virtual turtle that can be programmed to move around a canvas, draw lines and shapes, change colors, and perform other actions. This module is part of Python’s standard library and used to create complex… - [What are the difference between HTML and HTML5](https://techarge.in/what-are-the-difference-between-html-and-html5/):  If want to lean web development or learning web development you must have came across both the term HTML and HTML5. This is basically your first step towards web developer journey. Thus before going into the differences between HTML and HTML5, we will first understand what markup language is, then we will talk about what HTML and HTML5 are. Next, we will discuss HTML vs HTML5, how they differ, their features, which one to choose, and their advantages and disadvantages. What is HTML? HTML is an acronym of Hypertext Markup Language.I know you must know about that and this is not… - [Java Terminology](https://techarge.in/java-terminology/): In this article, you’ll learn about Java Terminology. Before learning Java, one must be familiar with these common terms of Java. 1.  Java Virtual Machine(JVM):  This is generally referred to as JVM. There are three execution phases of a program. They are written, compile and run the program. Now, we understood that the function of Java Virtual Machine is to execute the bytecode produced by the compiler. Every Operating System has a different JVM but the output they produce after the execution of bytecode is the same across all the operating systems. This is why Java is known as a platform-independent language. 2.… - [Serializability in DBMS](https://techarge.in/serializability-in-dbms/): What is serializability? Serializability is the concurrency scheme. It ensures that a schedule for executing concurrent transactions is equivalent to one that executes the transactions serially in some order. It assumes that all accesses to the database are done using read and write operations. In simple words ,we can say that we try to find the clone of a parallel transaction ,that is in serial schedule. Types of Serializability in DBMS There are two types of Serializability 1. Conflict Serializability2. View Serializability In the DBMS Schedules, we learned that there are two types of schedules – Serial & Non-Serial. A Serial schedule doesn’t support concurrent execution… - [C Program to Generate Multiplication Table of a Given Number](https://techarge.in/c-program-to-generate-multiplication-table-of-a-given-number/): In this tutorial, we will write a C Program to Generate Multiplication Table of a Given Number. An example program is shown below We have declared an integer variable “num” which will be used to store user input The “printf” function is used to print “Enter the value of number whose multiplication table is to be printed” at the run time and “/n” will break the line The “scanf” function is used to get input from user; the “%d” refer to an integer and “num” is the variable in which the user input will be stored The “printf” function is… - [Prutor Python Quiz 10](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-10/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [Important Question on Computer Network Security](https://techarge.in/important-question-on-computer-network-security/) - [Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Even or Odd](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-check-whether-a-number-is-even-or-odd/): In order to check the number Whether a Number is Even or Odd, we have divided the number by 2 if it does not leave any remainder, the number is even otherwise number is odd. Let’s have a look how we can implement this help of a java program. What You get as Output , After running the program Happy Programming 🙂 - [Caesar Cipher Technique in Cryptography](https://techarge.in/caesar-cipher-technique-in-cryptography/): In this tutorial you’ll learn about Caesar Cipher Technique in Cryptography, which is based on mono-alphabetic cipher. The Caesar cipher method is based on a mono-alphabetic cipher and is also called a shift cipher or additive cipher.It is one of the earliest and simplest method of encryption technique. Julius Caesar used the shift cipher (additive cipher) technique to communicate with his officers. For this reason, the shift cipher technique is called the Caesar cipher. The Caesar cipher is a kind of replacement (substitution) cipher, where all letter of plain text is replaced by another letter. Plaintext: It is a simple message… - [JavaScript Variables](https://techarge.in/javascript-variables/): In this article, you’ll learn about JavaScript Variables, here we will mostly talk about local ,global and Scope of Variable. So the same thing happens with a computer it has n number of storage when you want to put some data in it you need some placeholder or container that can do it for you. so variable is that container. JavaScript includes variables that hold the data value and it can be changed on runtime as JavaScript is dynamic language. You can use var, const, and let keyword to declare a variable, and JavaScript will automatically determine the type of… - [Servlet API](https://techarge.in/servlet-api/): The Servlet API, contained in the Java package hierarchy javax. servlet , defines the expected interactions of the web container and a servlet. A Servlet is an object that receives a request and generates a response based on that request. Let’s see what are the interfaces of javax.servlet package. Interfaces in javax.servlet package There are many interfaces in javax.servlet package. They are as follows: Servlet ServletRequest ServletResponse RequestDispatcher ServletConfig ServletContext SingleThreadModel Filter FilterConfig FilterChain ServletRequestListener ServletRequestAttributeListener ServletContextListener ServletContextAttributeListener Classes in javax.servlet package There are many classes in javax.servlet package. They are as follows: GenericServlet ServletInputStream ServletOutputStream ServletRequestWrapper ServletResponseWrapper ServletRequestEvent ServletContextEvent ServletRequestAttributeEvent ServletContextAttributeEvent ServletException UnavailableException Interfaces in… - [Merge sort](https://techarge.in/merge-sort/): Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm based on the idea of breaking down a list into several sub-lists until each sublist consists of a single element and merging those sublists in a manner that results into a sorted list. Idea: Divide the unsorted list into N sublists, each containing 1 element. Take adjacent pairs of two singleton lists and merge them to form a list of 2 elements. N will now convert into N/2 lists of size 2. Repeat the process till a single sorted list of obtained. While comparing two sublists for merging, the first element of both lists is taken into consideration. While sorting in ascending… - [C++ Programming language Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/cpp-programming-language-cheatsheet/): C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language which is used in developing major operating systems( Windows, Linux, Android, Ubuntu, iOS etc), Games, databases and compilers etc. Basics cin >> x– read value into the variable x from input stream cout << x — printf value to the output stream // — single line comments /* */ — Multi line comments Sample C program #include <iostream> — iostream is a inbuilt header library which allows you to deal with input and output objects like cout etc. using namespace std — Specifies that the object and variable names can be used from standard library. cout — to print… - [Reverse an Array](https://techarge.in/reverse-an-array/): Problem: Given an array A of size N, print the reverse of it. Example: Input: 4 // size of array 1 2 3 4 //array element Output: 4 3 2 1 //reverse of array Program to print reverse an Array - [Execution context in JavaScript](https://techarge.in/execution-context-in-javascript/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Execution context in JavaScript. For any piece of JavaScript code to be executed in a web browser, a lot of processes take place behind the scenes. we’ll take a look at everything that happens behind the scenes for JavaScript code to run in a web browser. What is the Execution Context? Execution context is defined as the environment in which the JavaScript code is executed. It acts like a big container that has two components in it : Memory component : It is a place where all the functions and variables are stored… - [States of Transactions](https://techarge.in/states-of-transactions/): In a database, the transaction can be in one of the following states – The various states of a transaction concept in DBMS are listed below: State Description Active State In this state, the transaction is being executed. This is the initial state of every transaction Partially Committed When a transaction executes its final operation, it is said to be in a partially committed state. Committed State If a transaction executes all its operations successfully, it is said to be committed. All its effects are now permanently established on the database system Failed State A transaction considers failed when any… - [Mern Vs Mean Vs Lamp](https://techarge.in/mern-vs-mean-vs-lamp/): In this article, you’ll learn about, different demanding stacks of technologies in the market like MERN, MEAN, and LAMP. Here are some examples of widely used web development technology stacks in use today: MERN Stack MERN stack is a web development framework.MERN is an acronym MongoDB, ExpressJS, ReactJS, and NodeJS as its working components. Here are the details of what each of these components is used for in developing a web application when using MERN stack: MEAN Stack MEAN stack is also a web development framework. MEAN is an acronym for MongoDB, ExpressJS, AngularJS, and Node.js. From client to server to database, MEAN is full-stack… - [Prutor Python Quiz 4](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-4/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [Java Database Connectivity with MySQL](https://techarge.in/java-database-connectivity-with-mysql/): To connect Java application with the MySQL database, we need to follow 5 following steps. In this example, we are using MySql as the database. So we need to know following informations for the MySQL database: Driver class: The driver class for the mysql database is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver. Connection URL: The connection URL for the MySQL database is jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/techarge where JDBC is the API, MySQL is the database, localhost is the server name on which MySQL is running, we may also use an IP address, 3306 is the port number and techarge is the database name. We may use any database, in such case, we need… - [Wipro Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/wipro-interview-questions/): Before starting with Wipro Interview Questions, Let have a look at the background of Wipro Company. About Wipro Wipro Limited is one of the leading global information technology services corporations. Its headquarter is situated in Bangalore, and Thierry Delaporte (He is a French businessman and executive who currently serves as the CEO of the Indian IT services company Wipro. He replaced Abidali Neemuchwala at the top post of Wipro in July 2020.) is the present CEO. Wipro works on the philosophy “think and implement” which helps the clients to do business better. Wipro limited (western India palm refined oils limited) founded by… - [Binary Search](https://techarge.in/binary-search/): Binary search is the most popular Search algorithm.It is efficient and also one of the most commonly used techniques that is used to solve problems. If all the names in the world are written down together in order and you want to search for the position of a specific name, binary search will accomplish this in a maximum of 35 iterations. Binary search works only on a sorted set of elements. To use binary search on a collection, the collection must first be sorted. When binary search is used to perform operations on a sorted set, the number of iterations can always be… - [What exactly does a UX engineer do?](https://techarge.in/what-exactly-does-a-ux-engineer-do/): User Experience (UX) design is a critical aspect of creating digital products that provide an intuitive and delightful experience for users. UX engineers play a crucial role in this process by ensuring that the design and development of products are optimized for user experience. In this blog, we will discuss what a UX engineer does and why their role is so important in the field of UX design. What is a UX Engineer? A UX engineer is a technical expert who focuses on the technical aspects of UX design. They work alongside designers and developers to ensure that the products… - [6 WordPress Website Maintenance Tips for Smooth Site Performance](https://techarge.in/6-wordpress-website-maintenance-tips-for-smooth-site-performance/): Maintaining a WordPress website is crucial for successful results. A well-maintained website not only attracts visitors but also ensures that they have a seamless experience while browsing.  However, maintaining a website can be a daunting task, especially for those who are new to WordPress. That’s why we’ve compiled a list of six essential WordPress website maintenance tips to keep your site running smoothly. From updating plugins and themes to optimizing performance and backing up data, this blog post has got you covered! The Importance of WordPress Website Maintenance Maintaining a WordPress website is crucial for its longevity and success. Without… - [Scopes in JavaScript](https://techarge.in/scopes-in-javascript/): In this article, you’ll learn about Scopes in JavaScript and it’s a very important concept as help us to understand which part of a program where it is available for use. Scope is a way to define the accessibility of variables. JavaScript has evolved over time in accordance with the principle of least accessibility. In 2015, it introduced let and const which enables block scoping. From JavaScript’s perspective, scope is a way to clearly define the execution context. It will reduce the clutter during development and execution. So, In one sentence we can define scope as “the area in code… - [The Rise of No-Code AI: Revolutionizing Business Automation](https://techarge.in/the-rise-of-no-code-ai-revolutionizing-business-automation/): In recent years, the intersection of artificial intelligence and business automation has given birth to a transformative trend: No-Code AI. This paradigm shift empowers businesses to harness AI’s potential without the need for complex coding skills.  As organizations seek more efficient ways to streamline operations, No-Code AI emerges as a game-changer, democratizing access to advanced technologies. This article profoundly explores the No Code and AI landscape and its profound impact on business automation and unveils astonishing ways they are reshaping the digital frontier.  What is No-Code? Imagine you want to build something cool on the computer, like a game or… - [Data Transmission in Network](https://techarge.in/data-transmission/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is data transmission , How does data transmission work between digital devices , Serial Transmission , Parallel transmission and more. What is data transmission? Data transmission refers to the process of transferring data between two or more digital devices. Data is transmitted from one device to another in analog or digital format. Basically, data transmission enables devices or components within devices to speak to each other. How does data transmission work between digital devices? Data is transferred in the form of bits between two or more digital devices. The binary data in the form of… - [LUCKNOW BCA 6 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/lucknow-bca-6-sem-question-papers/): LUCKNOW BCA 6 SEM QUESTION PAPERS 2018 BCA-6-SEM-E-COMMERCE-6498-2018 BCA-6-SEM-INFORMATION-SYSTEM-ANALYSIS-DESIGN-AND-IMPLEMENTATION-6497-2018 BCA-6-SEM-KNOWLEDGE-MANAGEMENT-6499-2018 BCA-6-SEM-NETWORK-SECURITY-AND-MANAGEMENT-6496-2018 BCA-TD-HISTORY-OF-VISUAL-ART-AND-DESIGN-5024-2018 2017 COMING SOON 2016 COMMING SOON - [Shutdown Computer with Voice Using Python](https://techarge.in/python-shutdown-computer-with-voice/): In this article, you’ll learn to make a python program to Shutdown Computer with Voice commands. This assistant can talk to you or communicate with you using your voice and listens to your voice. Required Modules 1. PyAudio PyAudio provides Python bindings for PortAudio v19, the cross-platform audio I/O library. With PyAudio, you can easily use Python to play and record audio on a variety of platforms, such as GNU/Linux, Microsoft Windows, and Apple macOS. To install pyaudio, go to terminal and type, 2. SpeechRecognition It is an external module in python whose functionality depends on the voice commands of the user. To install SpeechRecognition,… - [Message Switching](https://techarge.in/computer-network-message-switching/): In Message Switching, there is no dedicated path established between the sender and the receiver, as in Circuit switching. For sending the message ,there are many intermediary message switching nodes which are responsible for transferring the message, and the message is transmitted as a whole from source node-to-destination node. In Message switching ,when the source sends a message ,the destination address is appended to the message. SO in message switching ,there is no need to establish a dedicated path between two communication nodes. When a sender sends a message switching nodes does not have enough space to store the message,… - [Python List Comprehension](https://techarge.in/python-list-comprehension/): In this article, you’ll learn about list comprehension. Syntax: newList = [ expression(element) for element in oldList if condition ] For Loop vs List Comprehensions There are various ways to iterate through a list. However, the most common approach is to use the for loop. For Loop List Comprehension Output the both the case are same, [‘T’, ‘e’, ‘c’, ‘h’, ‘a’, ‘r ‘, ‘g’, ‘e ‘, ‘!’] Advantages of List Comprehension More time efficient and space efficient than loops. Require fewer lines of code. Transforms iterative statement into a formula. Nested List Comprehensions Nested List Comprehensions are nothing but a list comprehension within… - [Star Pattern Programs in C](https://techarge.in/star-pattern-programs-in-c/): In this article, we will be discussing various star Pattern programs in C. Usually, the value of C depends on the value of number of rows and columns. C program Pattern 1 C Program: C program Pattern 2 C Program: C program Pattern 3 C Program: C program Pattern 4 C Program: C program Pattern 5 C Program: If you like this article on Star Pattern Programs in C .Don’t forget to Share. - [Wrapper class in Java](https://techarge.in/wrapper-class-in-java/): In this article, you’ll learn about Wrapper class in Java, autoboxing, Unboxing, Features of Wrapper class and more Autoboxing Autoboxing is the process of converting a primitive data type into corresponding wrapper class object. E.g. int to Integer. Example: Sample program for autoboxing Output 50  50  100 Unboxing Converting an object of wrapper class into corresponding primitive data type is known as unboxing. For example Integer to int. Example: Sample program for unboxing Output 15  15  225 Primitive type and their corresponding wrapper class Primitive type Wrapper class boolean Boolean byte Byte char Character float Float int Integer long Long short Short double Double Features… - [Interface in Java](https://techarge.in/interface-in-java/): As classes in Java cannot have more than one class. For instance , a definition like is not permitted in Java. Since multiple inertiance is an important concept in OOP paradigm ,Java provides an alternative approach known as interface to support the concept of multiple inheritance. An interface in Java is basically a kind of class. Interfaces can have abstract methods and variables. It cannot have a method body. (means that interfaces do not specify any code to implement these methods and data fields contain only constants). Therefore, it is the responsibility of class to implements an interface to define class that… - [Difference between File Transfer Protocol and Secure File Transfer Protocol](https://techarge.in/difference-between-file-transfer-protocol-ftp-secure-file-transfer-protocol/): In this article you’ll learn about Difference between File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol which is used to transfer or copies the file from one host to another host. But there may be some problems like different file name and different file directory while sending and receiving file in different hosts or systems. And in FTP, secure channel is not provided to transfer the files between the hosts or systems. It is used in port no-21. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) SFTP stands… - [Installing and Configuring WAMP Server on Localhost](https://techarge.in/installing-and-configuring-wamp-server-on-localhost/): Whenever we get anxious about jumping into a new project, it’s very easy to forget to cover the basics. For web developers, this can be very costly, especially if you are looking to develop an application in PHP. Fortunately, it’s possible to set up a virtual development environment where you can start coding in PHP as well as test the different features and functionalities of your website before taking it live. WAMP is one popular choice for developers who use Windows operating systems. While there are other choices, such as XAMPP, this article will cover the exact steps of installing… - [Java Keywords](https://techarge.in/java-keywords/): Words which are reversed in any programming language is named as Keywords.They can't we used as a variable or object name. - [Program to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit in JavaScript](https://techarge.in/program-to-convert-celsius-to-fahrenheit-in-javascript/): In this example, you’ll learn to make a Program to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit in JavaScript. To convert the Celsius value to Fahrenheit , the below formula is used. fahrenheit = celsius * 1.8 + 32 Program to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit Output You can convert fahrenheit value to celsius using below the formula: celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) / 1.8 Thank you for reading, If you have reached so far, please like the article, It will encourage me to write more such articles. Do share your valuable suggestions, I appreciate your honest feedback! - [C Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/c-interview-questions/): In this article you we will learn C Interview Questions that are mostly frequently asked in the interview. C is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. By design, C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions. Q1. What is a token in C? In a passage of text, individual words and punctuation marks are called tokens. Similarly, in a C program, the smallest individual units are known as C tokens has six types of tokens: Q2. What are the storage classes in C? C have… - [Digital Certificate](https://techarge.in/digital-certificate/): In this article, you’ll learn about Digital Certificate, What digital certificate contains and the difference between Digital certificate and digital signature. Digital certificate is issued by a trusted third party which proves sender’s identity to the receiver and receiver’s identity to the sender.A digital certificate is a certificate issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) to verify the identity of the certificate holder. The CA issues an encrypted digital certificate containing the applicant’s public key and a variety of other identification information. Digital certificate is used to attach public key with a particular individual or an entity.Digital certificate contains:- Name of… - [Vectors in C++ STL](https://techarge.in/vectors-in-cpp/): C++ Vector Declaration C++ Vector Initialization There are different ways to initialize a vector in C++. Example of C++ Vector Initialization Output vector1 = 1 2 3 4 5 vector2 = 10 10 10 10 10 Most used functions in Vector Example of Vectors in C++ Output: the elements in the vector: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The front element of the vector: 0 The last element of the vector: 9 The size of the vector: 10 Deleting element from the end: 9 Printing the vector after removing the last element: 0 1 2 3… - [Packet Switching](https://techarge.in/computer-network-packet-switching/): What is Store-and-Forward Transmission? Consider two hosts connected to each other via a network router. Host A wants to send an image to host B. So host A divides the image file into three packets each having L-bits and starts sending a packet at a rate of R bits/sec.  Therefore, the total time required to transmit L-bits or one packet is L/R seconds. So at the time, less than L/R second, the router has received only a portion of the first packet P1. By this time, the router cannot forward the received bits of packet P1 to host B. It first… - [C Loop Statements](https://techarge.in/c-loop-statements/): The programmer may want to repeat several instructions when writing C programs until some requirements are met. To that end, C makes looping declarations for decision-making. We have three types of loops, For Loop While Loop Do While Loop For Loop In the For loop, the initialization statement is executed only one time. After that, the condition is checked and if the result of condition is true it will execute the loop. If it is false, then for loop is terminated. However, the result of condition evaluation is true, statements inside the body of for loop gets executed, and the expression… - [DBMS Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/dbms-interview-questions/): In this article you will explore the list the most commonly asked DBMS interview questions to help you ace your interview! Q1. What are the differences between a DBMS and RDBMS?  DBMS RDBMS Provides an organized way of managing, retrieving, and storing from a collection of logically related information Provides the same as that of DBMS, but it provides relational integrity Q2. Explain the terms database and DBMS. Also, mention the different types of DBMS. A software application that interacts with databases, applications, and users to capture and analyze the required data. The data stored in the database can be… - [Scala Cheatsheet](https://techarge.in/scala-cheatsheet/): Scala (/ˈskɑːlɑː/ SKAH-lah) is a strong statically typed general-purpose programming language which supports both object-oriented programming and functional programming. Designed to be concise, many of Scala’s design decisions are aimed to address criticisms of Java. Sample program in Scala Data types in Scala Data type Description Range Size int used to store whole numbers -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 4 bytes short used to store whole numbers -32,768 to 32,767 2 bytes long used to store whole numbers -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 8 bytes byte used to store whole numbers -128 to 127 1 byte float used to store fractional numbers 6 to… - [Quick sort](https://techarge.in/quick-sort/): Quick sort is based on the divide-and-conquer approach based on the idea of choosing one element as a pivot element and partitioning the array around it such that: Left side of pivot contains all the elements that are less than the pivot element Right side contains all elements greater than the pivot It reduces the space complexity and removes the use of the auxiliary array that is used in merge sort. Selecting a random pivot in an array results in an improved time complexity in most of the cases. Implementation : Select the first element of array as the pivot element… - [C++ Programming Notes Part II](https://techarge.in/cpp-programming-notes-intermidate-2/): Topic covered in this pdf are Concept of OOPs Classes Function Overloading Pointer to Object - [What is E-Commerce? Features and Advantages](https://techarge.in/what-is-e-commerce/): In this article, you’ll learn What is E-Commerce, What are the features of E-commerce, What are the advantages of E-commerce and more. E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce is a methodology of modern business, which addresses the need of business organizations, vendors and customers to reduce cost and improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the speed of delivery. Ecommerce refers to the paperless exchange of business information using the following ways − What are the features of E-commerce? E-Commerce provides the following features − What are the advantages of E-commerce? What are the dis-advantages of E-commerce? - [DBMS Functions](https://techarge.in/dbms-functions/): In this tutorial, you will learn about DBMS functions                 There are several DBMS functions that ensure data integrity and consistency of data in the database. The DBMS functions are as follows Data dictionary management, Data storage management, Data transformation and presentation, Security management, Multiuser access control, Backup and recovery management, Data integrity management, Database access languages and application programming interfaces, Database communication interfaces, Transaction management. 1.     Data Dictionary Management                 Data Dictionary is where the DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata).  The DBMS uses this function to look up the required data component structures and relationships. When programs… - [Multithreading in Java](https://techarge.in/multithreading-in-java/): What is Multithreading in Java? Multithreading in Java is a process of executing two or more parts of a program, simultaneously to maximum utilization of CPU. Each part of such a program is called a thread. So, threads are light-weight processes within a process. Multithreaded applications execute two or more threads run concurrently. Hence, it is also known as Concurrency in Java. Each thread runs parallel to each other. Multiple threads don’t allocate separate memory areas, hence they save memory. Also, context switching between threads takes less time. Java Multithreading is mostly used in animation, games, etc. To understand this… - [C++ Classes and Objects](https://techarge.in/cpp-classes-and-objects-2/): In this article, you’ll learn C++ Classes and Objects with examples. What is Classes in C++? Class is a user-defined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class. A C++ class is like a blueprint for an object. We can think of a class as a sketch (prototype) of a house. It contains all the details about the floors, doors, windows, etc. Based on these descriptions we build the house. House is the object. Create a Class A class is defined in C++ using… - [GUI Widgets, Date Tick labels, Polar Plots, and XKCD-style sketch plots in Matplotlib Using Python](https://techarge.in/python-gui-widgets-date-tick-labels-polar-plots-and-xkcd-style-sketch-plots-in-matplotlib/): In this article, you’ll learn about GUI Widgets in Matplotlib, Date Tick labels in Matplotlib, Polar Plots in Matplotlib, and XKCD-style sketch plots in Matplotlib using python. GUI Widgets in Matplotlib Matplotlib has simple GUI widgets that allow you to write cross-GUI figures and widgets, irrespective of the graphical user interface you are using. See matplotlib.widget and the widget examples. Output: Date Tick labels in Matplotlib Using date tick locators and Formatters to demonstrate how to create date plots in Matplotlib. For further details on managing major and minor ticks, see Major and Minor Ticks. By translating date instances into days from… - [Rest parameter and Spread operator in JavaScript](https://techarge.in/rest-parameter-and-spread-operator-in-javascript/): In this article, you’ll learn about Rest parameter and Spread operator in JavaScript with examples, how we use them and when to use. The ES2018 introduced us to the concept of the `rest` and `spread` operators. Though the ES2015 already introduced us to the `spread` operator, ES2018 further expanded the syntax by adding spread properties to object literals. Both of them become very useful when we need to copy an array or object, or when we need to pass an indefinite amount of arguments into a function. Here, we’ll discuss both the `rest` and `spread` operators. JavaScript uses three dots… - [Difference between Native Apps and Web Apps](https://techarge.in/difference-between-native-apps-and-web-apps/): In this article you’ll learn about Difference between Native Apps and Web Apps. Native apps work in specific mobile operating systems such as Apple iOS or Android OS. If an app made for Android OS then it will not work on Apple iOS or Windows OS. We have to build separate apps for each operating system if we want to work our app across all major operating systems. This means we have to spend more money and more effort (time, resources). Advantages of Native Apps Native apps are faster than web apps. Native apps can access system/device resources such as… - [Packages in Java](https://techarge.in/packages-in-java/): In this article, you’ll learn about Packages in Java, Advantages of Packages , Types of Packages, Creating a Package and The “import” keyword . A package is a mechanism to group the similar type of classes, interfaces and sub-packages and provide access control.   It organizes classes into single unit. In Java already many predefined packages are available, used while programming. For example: java.lang, java.io, java.util etc. Advantages of Packages Packages provide code reusability, because a package has group of classes. It helps in resolving naming collision when multiple packages have classes with the same name. Package also provides the hiding of… - [AKTU MCA 1 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/aktu-mca-1-sem-question-papers/): AKTU MCA 1 SEM QUESTION PAPERS [my_ads1] 2020 MCA-1-SEM-ACCOUNTING-AND-FINANCIAL-MANAGEMENT-RCA102-2020 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-CONCEPTS-AND-PRINCIPLES-OF-PROGRAMMING-RCA101-2020 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-AND-ARCHITECTURE-RCA104-2020 MCA-1-SEM-DISCRETE-MATHEMATICS-RCA103-2020 MCA-1-SEM-PROFESSIONAL-COMMUNICATION-RCA105-2020 [my_ads1] 2019 MCA-1-SEM-ACCOUNTING-AND-FINANCIAL-MANAGEMENT-RCA-102-2018-19 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-BASED-OPTIMIZATION-TECHNIQUES-RCA-304-2018-19 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-CONCEPTS-AND-PRINICIPLES-OF-PROGRAMMING-RCA-101-2018-19 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-AND-ARCHITECTURE-RCA-104-2018-19MCA-1-SEM-DISCRETE-MATHEMATICS-RCA-103-2018-19MCA-1-SEM-PROFESSIONAL-COMMUNICATION-RCA-105-2018-19 [my_ads1] 2018 MCA-1-SEM-ACCOUNTING-AND-FINANCIAL-MANAGEMENT-RAC-102-2017-18 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-CONCEPTS-AND-PRINCIPLES-OF-PROGRAMMING-RCA-101-2017-18 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-CONCEPTS-AND-PRINCIPLES-OF-PROGRAMMING-RCA-101-V2-2017-18 MCA-1-SEM-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-AND-ARCHITECTURE-RCA-104-2017-18 MCA-1-SEM-DISCRETE-MATHEMATICS-RCA-103-2017-18 MCA-1-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-PROGRAMMING-AND-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-RCAA-01-2017-18 MCA-1-SEM-PROFESSIONAL-COMMUNICATION-RAC-105-2017-18MCA-1-SEM-PROGRAMMING-IN-C-RACI-101-2017-18 [my_ads1] - [Temporal Dead Zone In JavaScript](https://techarge.in/temporal-dead-zone-in-javascript/): Understanding how Temporal Dead Zone works is quiet confusing, if you we don’t approach properly. What Exactly Is a Temporal Dead Zone in JavaScript? A temporal dead zone (TDZ) is the area of a block where a variable is inaccessible until the moment the computer completely initializes it with a value. Suppose if we attempt to access a variable before , even it is initialized. In such case JavaScript will throw a ReferenceError. Before ES6 there was no other way to declare variable other than var . But as ES6 introduced have two more option to declare variable which is let and… - [Alternative Online Meeting Platforms than Zoom](https://techarge.in/online-meeting-platforms/): The recent lockdown across the globe has led to a staggering increase in the use of video conferencing apps and Zoom is among top choices. But recent reports of Zoom being hacked, and user details being sold on Dark Web have raised a lot of questions on the credibility of Zoom. Zoom Hacked: A report that as many as 5,00,000 Zoom accounts have been hacked and reportedly later sold back on Dark Web for $0.0020 (around Rs 0.15) per account and in some cases for free. As per the report, free Zoom accounts are posted on hacker forums. The first… - [What is Routing? Types of Routing and How does it take place](https://techarge.in/what-is-routing/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Routing? Types of Routing, How does it take place and more. What is Routing? Network routing is the process of selecting a path across one or more networks. The principles of routing can apply to any type of network, from telephone networks to public transportation. In packet-switching networks, such as the Internet, routing selects the paths for Internet Protocol (IP) packets to travel from their origin to their destination. These Internet routing decisions are made by specialized pieces of network hardware called routers. Routing Metrics and Costs Router metrics are metrics used by a router to make routing decisions. A metric is… - [HttpServlet](https://techarge.in/httpservlet/): In Servlet API, I mentioned about Http Servlet. In this article, I will discuss Http Servlet in detail. Unlike Generic Servlet, the HTTP Servlet doesn’t override the service() method. Instead it overrides the doGet() method or doPost() method or both. The doGet() method is used for getting the information from the server while the doPost() method is used for sending information to the server. In Http Servlet there is no need to override the service() method because this method dispatches the Http Requests to the correct method handler, for example if it receives HTTP GET Request it dispatches the request to… - [GitHub Copilot (GH-300) Certification Exam Questions](https://techarge.in/github-copilot-gh-300-certification-exam-questions/): This blog post provides a comprehensive set of practice questions for the GitHub Copilot (GH-300) certification exam. Each question is strategically designed to test your mastery of AI-assisted development, including expert prompt engineering, responsible AI implementation, enterprise-grade security configurations, and the nuances of integrating Copilot into the full developer lifecycle. 1. When using GitHub Copilot Chat, which of the following slash commands can be used to ask for additional information or clarification about an unfamiliar function in the code? Correct Answer: D 2. You are leading a development team that integrates GitHub Copilot into a project. Some of the project… - [Microsoft GitHub Actions GH-200 Exam](https://techarge.in/microsoft-github-actions-gh-200-exam/): This blog post provides a comprehensive set of practice questions for the GitHub Actions certification exam. Each question is designed to test your knowledge of workflow automation, security best practices, and runner configurations. Mastering GitHub Actions Section 1: Workflow Triggers and Events 1. Which GitHub Actions event configuration triggers only for pull requests targeting the release branch and not for push events? Answer: B 2. As a DevOps engineer, you need to define a deployment workflow that runs after the build workflow has successfully completed without modifying the build workflow. Which trigger should you use? Answer: D 3. Scheduled workflows… - [SLA vs SLO vs SLI: What’s the Difference?](https://techarge.in/sla-vs-slo-vs-sli-whats-the-difference/): In this article, we learn about SLA vs SLO vs SLI: What’s the Difference and more. SLA, SLO, and SLI represent a hierarchy of service performance commitments: an SLA (Service Level Agreement) is a formal, customer-facing contract with consequences for non-compliance; an SLO (Service Level Objective) is an internal target for system reliability that aims to meet the SLA; and an SLI (Service Level Indicator) is the specific, measurable metric that tracks performance and determines if the SLOs are being met.  Here’s a breakdown of each term: SLA: Service Level Agreement SLO: Service Level Objective SLI: Service Level Indicator  The Hierarchy - [Evolution of Operating Systems](https://techarge.in/evolution-of-operating-systems/): In this article, you’ll learn about Evolution of Operating Systems and highlighting the defining characteristics of each era.   1. First Generation (1945-1955): The Era of Batch Processing The earliest computers were behemoths, requiring specialized knowledge and painstaking manual operation. These machines, often built with vacuum tubes, were expensive and prone to errors. This era presented significant computing challenges:   2. Second Generation (1955-1965): Introducing Batch Systems and Multiprogramming The second generation saw the birth of the first true operating systems, albeit in rudimentary forms. This era was marked by the transition from manual operation to automated job processing: 3.… - [Product Design: What It Is and Why It Matters](https://techarge.in/product-design-what-it-is-and-why-it-matters/): In this article, you learn about what is Product Design, Why Does Product Design Matter, Product Design Process in Five Steps, Top Five Product Design Challenges and more. What is Product Design? Product design is the process of creating and developing a product, from its initial concept to its launch and beyond. It’s a multifaceted discipline that blends art, science, and business acumen to bring tangible goods and services to life. It’s not just about aesthetics; it encompasses the entire lifecycle of a product, considering its functionality, usability, and market viability. A well-designed product solves a problem, meets a need,… - [Google Apps You Should Be Using in 2025](https://techarge.in/google-apps-you-should-be-using-in-2024/): As we continue to move forward into the future, it’s becoming increasingly important to stay connected and organized in both our personal and professional lives. Google Apps, which have impact on more than half of the world population. If you don’t know .So here is an article an where you know about all the Google Apps with little bit of background history. List of All the Google Apps 1.Google Search A web search created by Google in the Year 1997, According to Analytics the most utilized internet searcher on the internet (WWW) is the Google search the search is accessible… - [Python 2025 Roadmap](https://techarge.in/python-2025-roadmap/): Do you want to become a Python developer but don’t know where to start? If that’s the case, you’re in the right place. In this Python 2025 roadmap, I will show you everything you need to know in order to become a python developer. Let’s jump right into it! Step 1: Introduction First introduces yourself to the fundamentals of Python, what makes it so massively popular, and its benefits and limitations. It also compares Python with other languages like Java, Scala, and R. Step 2: Basics We then learn basics of Python- variables, data types, and operators. also learn concepts like looping and decision making. Step… - [Difference between machine learning and deep learning](https://techarge.in/difference-between-machine-learning-and-deep-learning/): While both machine learning and deep learning fall under the umbrella of artificial intelligence, they represent distinct approaches with varying strengths and weaknesses. This article delves deeper into their nuances, catering to the advanced understanding expected of a graduate student. Machine Learning: A Foundational Framework Machine learning encompasses a broad range of algorithms designed to enable computers to learn from data without explicit programming. Key aspects include: Deep Learning: A Paradigm Shift Deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, utilizes artificial neural networks with multiple layers (hence “deep”) to learn complex representations directly from data. A Comparative Analysis Feature Machine… - [What is Internet of Things and How Does It work](https://techarge.in/what-is-internet-of-things-and-how-does-it-work/): Imagine a world where your refrigerator tells you when you’re out of milk, your watch tracks your fitness and sends data to your doctor, and streetlights automatically adjust their brightness based on traffic. This isn’t science fiction; it’s the reality of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is a network of interconnected physical devices – “things” – embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to collect and exchange data. These “things” can range from everyday household objects to sophisticated industrial tools. Let’s delve into this exciting field and understand how it’s transforming our world.   What… - [Why We're Missing Out on the Amazing World of Refurbished Phones](https://techarge.in/why-were-missing-out-on-the-amazing-world-of-refurbished-phones/): I’ve been thinking a lot about smartphones lately, and something’s been bugging me. We’re literally throwing away money and hurting the planet and the enviroment, all because we’re busy on buying brand new phones every single time.Let me tell you about refurbished phones – and no, I’m not talking about some beat-up, barely-working device. These are actually incredible alternatives that most people completely misundertsood. The Truth About Quality, Savings, and Features First off, the quality stigma needs to stop. I was skeptical too, until I learned that companies like Cellsmate put these phones through over 65+ different quality checks. They’re… - [Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia](https://techarge.in/wikipedia-the-free-encyclopedia/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Wikipedia, it’s history, it’s impact and more. What is Wikipedia? Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, is a multilingual online encyclopedia collaboratively edited by volunteers. It is the largest and most-read reference work in history, and is consistently ranked among the ten most visited websites. As of August 2024, it was ranked fourth by Semrush, and seventh by Similarweb. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, Wikipedia has been hosted since 2003 by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization funded primarily through donations.   Wikipedia is notable for its open-content… - [Why Should You Use Blue Light Blocking Glasses](https://techarge.in/why-should-you-use-blue-light-blocking-glasses/): I hope you all are well. As the topic suggests, this blog will discuss why you should use blue light blocking glasses. Our modern world is dominated by screens. From smartphones and computers to tablets and televisions, we’re constantly exposed to blue light. While this light is essential for daytime alertness, excessive exposure can lead to a range of issues, including digital eye strain, sleep disturbances, and potential long-term eye problems. This is where blue light blocking glasses come into play. Why ,This is big Question ?? Digital screen emits some portion of harmful blue light ,which effect our eyes.… - [7 Segment Display interfacing with Arduino Uno](https://techarge.in/7-segment-display-interfacing-with-arduino-uno/): In this article, you will learn 7 Segment Display interfacing with Arduino Uno. A 7-segment display has the lowest price amongst all types of displays. It is widely used in devices that shows numerical information. You may have seen the 7-segment display in counter machines, fancy shop banners, etc. To display alphabets and symbols, opting-in for LCD would be the best choice. But the fact is LCDs are costlier than LED displays. And, due to this reason most people prefer to opt-in for LED displays for basic requirements like displaying numbers. What is a 7-Segment Display? A 7-segment display is… - [Push Button Control System for Light ON/OFF using Aurdino Uno](https://techarge.in/push-button-control-system-for-light-on-off-using-aurdino-uno/): In this article, you’ll learn how make a Push Button Control System for Light ON/OFF Push Button Control System for Light ON/OFF using Aurdino Uno. Want to be able to just click a button and the light goes on? This project will take you through a step-by-step process in the development of a simple push-button control system where an LED will be operated with an Arduino Uno. It is a wonderful introduction to the great world of Arduino and electronics! Hardware Needed: Schematics and hardware connections Connect one terminal of push button to pin 4 and other to GND.We are… - [7 Graphic Design Blogs That Will Inspire You](https://techarge.in/7-graphic-design-blogs-that-will-inspire-you/): Creativity is something that waxes and wanes; even the world’s foremost design talent needs a swift kick in the trousers now and then. Graphic design blogs aggregate a variety of great design into one easily-accessed space. Broad design blogs allow you to begin from square one; other blogs, however, categorize designs so that you are not forced to scroll through logos, websites, and branding examples with which you aren’t working. Whether it be for a personal design or a client’s job, scroll through these blogs when you can spare the time, and let inspiration hit you when you least expect… - [Difference Between Graphic Design and UI/UX Design](https://techarge.in/difference-between-graphic-design-and-ui-ux-design/): In the world of digital and visual creativity, the terms graphic design and UI/UX design are often used interchangeably, but they represent distinct disciplines with unique roles and responsibilities. Understanding the differences between these two fields is crucial for businesses looking to enhance their digital presence and for individuals pursuing careers in design. Graphic Design: Art of Visual Communication Definition and Scope Graphic design is the craft of creating visual content to communicate messages. Applying visual hierarchy and page layout techniques, graphic designers use typography and pictures to meet users’ specific needs and focus on the logic of displaying elements… - [Interfaces of JDBC](https://techarge.in/interfaces-of-jdbc/): In this article, we’ll learn about Interfaces of JDBC like Driver Interface, Connection Interface, Statement Interface, PreparedStatement Interface, CallableStatement Interface and more. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) acts as a bridge between Java applications and relational databases. At the heart of this interaction lie interfaces, which define functionalities without implementation specifics. Let’s delve into these key interfaces to understand how JDBC interacts with databases. 1. Driver Interface This interface serves as a blueprint for JDBC drivers, which are software components responsible for translating between Java code and database-specific protocols. While the implementation details vary across databases, the Driver interface ensures a… - [What is Manhattan Distance in machine learning](https://techarge.in/what-is-manhattan-distance-in-machine-learning/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Manhattan Distance in machine learning, KNN and Distance Measures and more. Machine learning algorithms rely heavily on distance measures to make predictions. These algorithms fall under two main categories: classification and regression. KNN and Distance Measures The KNN algorithm identifies the closest training data points to a test point and predicts the test point’s label based on their majority. Distance measures play a crucial role in calculating these distances. What is Manhattan Distance Manhattan distance, also called Manhattan length, is a distance measure calculated by summing the absolute differences between corresponding coordinates… - [Difference between Web Server and Web Application](https://techarge.in/difference-between-web-server-and-web-application/): In this article, you’ll learn about the difference between Web Server and Web Application A Server is a central place where information and programs are stored and accessed by applications over the network. A web server is a server that accepts a request for data and sends the relevant document in return whereas an Application Server contains an EJB container component as well to run the enterprise applications. In Simple Terms: Think of a restaurant: Following are the important differences between Web Server and Application Server. S.No. Web Server Application Server 1 Web server encompasses web container only. While application… - [Java Program to Find the Largest Among Three Numbers](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-find-the-largest-among-three-numbers/): In this program we are going to find the Largest Among Three Numbers What You get as Output , After running the program Happy Programming:) - [JDBC Architecture](https://techarge.in/jdbc-architecture/): In this article, you’ll learn about JDBC Architecture such as Two-tier Architecture, Three-tier Architecture and JDBC API. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) architecture defines how a Java application interacts with a database. There are two main architectural models used in JDBC: Two-tier Architecture In a two-tier architecture, the Java application directly communicates with the database source. The JDBC driver acts as a bridge between the application and the database, translating the Java program’s requests into the database’s specific query language (usually SQL) and vice versa. Advantages: Disadvantages: Three-tier Architecture In a three-tier architecture, a middle tier is introduced between the Java… - [What is JavaScript?](https://techarge.in/what-is-javascript/): JavaScript is a programming language initially designed to interact with elements of web pages. In web browsers, JavaScript consists of three main parts: JavaScript allows you to add interactivity to a web page. It is often used with HTML and CSS to enhance the functionality of a web page such as validating forms, creating interactive maps, and displaying animated charts. When a web page is loaded i.e. after HTML and CSS have been downloaded, the JavaScript engine in the web browser executes the JavaScript code. The JavaScript code then modifies the HTML and CSS to dynamically update the user interface.… - [Prutor Python Quiz 2](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-2/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. - [JavaScript Operators](https://techarge.in/javascript-operators/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about JavaScript Operators like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Assignment and more. An operator is a mathematical symbol that produces a result based on one or more values (or variables or operands). In JavaScript, operators are same as mathematics. An operator performs some operation on single or multiple operands (data value) and produces a result. i.e. For example, in 3 + 2, the + sign is an operator and 3 is left side operand and 2 is right side operand. The + operator performs the addition of two numeric values and returns a result. Types of JavaScript Operators Arithmetic Operators Arithmetic operators are… - [Concurrency Control in DBMS](https://techarge.in/concurrency-control-in-dbms/): Concurrency Control in DBMS is a procedure of managing simultaneous operations without conflicting with each other. It ensures that Database transactions are performed concurrently and accurately to produce correct results without violating the data integrity of the respective Database. Problems with Concurrent Execution Transaction Let’s see what are the problem arise with Concurrent Execution Transaction. Lost Update Problems (W – W Conflict) The problem occurs when two different database transactions perform the read/write operations on the same database items in an interleaved manner (i.e., concurrent execution) that makes the values of the items incorrect hence making the database inconsistent. Dirty Read Problems… - [SQL Commands](https://techarge.in/sql-commands/): SQL commands are instructions. It is used to communicate with the database. It is also used to perform specific tasks, functions, and queries of data. SQL can perform various tasks like create a table, add data to tables, drop the table, modify the table, set permission for users. SQL Commands Let’s have a look on different sql commands 1. How To Create A New Table To create a new table in SQL, we use create table command, syntax for the same is given below CREATE TABLE TABLENAME(<column name> <datatype> [(<size>)],<column name> <datatype> [(<size>)],. . . ); For Example *CONSTRAINT:  … - [OSI Model](https://techarge.in/osi-model/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is OSI Model,  7 layers of the OSI Model and Advantages of OSI Model. 7 layers of the OSI Model  7 layers of the OSI Model are as follow along with description of each. Easy way to remember name of all layers "All People seems to need data processing." Advantages of OSI Model The OSI model helps users and operators of computer networks: The OSI model helps network device manufacturers and networking software vendors: - [Introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS)](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-amazon-web-services-aws/): Amazon Web Services (AWS ) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering over 200 fully-featured services from data centers. AWS has customers in over 190 countries worldwide, including 5000 ed-tech institutions and 2000 government organizations. Many companies like ESPN, Adobe, Twitter, Netflix, Facebook, BBC, etc., use AWS services. History of AWS Applications of AWS AWS enables businesses to build a number of sophisticated applications. Organizations of every industry and of every size can run every imaginable use case on AWS. Here are some of the most common applications of AWS: 1. Storage and Backup One of… - [C++ Inheritance](https://techarge.in/cpp-inheritance/): Inheritance is one of the key features of Object-oriented programming in C++.Inheritance allows us to define a class in terms of another class, which makes it easier to create and maintain an application. This Advantage of C++ Inheritance Code re-usability: It also provides an opportunity to reuse the code functionality and fast implementation time. So, there is no need to define the member again and less code is required in the class. Base and Derived Classes A Derived class is defined as the class derived from the base class. A class can be derived from more than one classes, which means… - [AKTU MCA 3 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/aktu-mca-3-sem-question-papers/): AKTU MCA 3 SEM QUESTION PAPERS [my_ads1] 2020 MCA-3-SEM-COMPUTER-BASED-OPTIMIZATION-TECHNIQUES-NMCA315-2020 MCA-3-SEM-COMPUTER-BASED-OPTIMIZATION-TECHNIQUES-RCA304-2020 MCA-3-SEM-CYBER-SECURITY-RCA305-2020 MCA-3-SEM-INTRODUCTION-TO-PROGRAMMING-AND-COMPUTER-ORGANIZATION-RCAA01-2020 MCA-3-SEM-OPERATING-SYSTEMS-RCA301-2020 MCA-3-SEM-WEB-TECHNOLOGY-RCA302-2020  [my_ads1] 2018 Coming Soon 2017 Coming Soon - [File and Database Design](https://techarge.in/file-and-database-design/): In this article you’ll learn about File and Database Design, types of files and Methods of file organization and more. Basic terminology Types of files There are various types of files in which the records are collected and maintained. They are categorised as: 1. Master file A master file is collection of records about an important aspect of an organizations activities. It may contain the data describes the current status of specific events or business indicators. For example, the master file in accounts payable system shows the balance owed to every vendor or suppliers. A second type of master file… - [Prutor Python Quiz 8](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-8/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [Easy ways to convert an XML file into JSON Format](https://techarge.in/easy-ways-to-convert-an-xml-file-into-json-format/): A few years back, XML was the only programming language that people are using for the open data sharing process. With the advancement in computer programming, there come numerous other programming languages for the same process. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is one of the best alternatives that have been used in the world for this simple task. In this article, we will give you an in-depth overview of this programming language and the process with which you can change an XML file into this format. Let’s have a look at the following guide to check which programming language will work… - [Computer Basics : Input/Output Devices](https://techarge.in/computer-basics-input-output-devices/): Input Devices The set of instructions or information is provided to the computer system or PC with the help of input devices such as (keyboard, mouse, scanners, etc). The Instruction or data presented to the computer system is converted into binary form then it is supplied to a computer system for further processing. The Input Unit perform transferring the data from outside the world into the system and later this data is processed and the system produces instruction through output unit such as Printer, monitors, etc. The Input devices enter the data from outside the world into the primary storage… - [Servlets](https://techarge.in/servlets/): What is Servlets? Servlet technology is used to create a web application. A servlet is a Java programming language class that is used to extend the capabilities of servers that host applications accessed by means of a request-response programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by web servers. For such applications, Java Servlet technology defines HTTP-specific servlet classes. Servlet only uses Java as a programming language that makes it platform independent and portable. Servlet allows us to take advantage of the object oriented programming features of java. Properties of Servlets… - [Selection Sort](https://techarge.in/selection-sort/): The Selection sort algorithm is based on the idea of finding the minimum or maximum element in an unsorted array and then putting it in its correct position in a sorted array. Assume that the array A=[7,5,4,2] needs to be sorted in ascending order. The minimum element in the array i.e. 2 is searched for and then swapped with the element that is currently located at the first position, i.e. 7. Now the minimum element in the remaining unsorted array is searched for and put in the second position, and so on. Let’s take a look at the implementation. At ith iteration, elements from position 0 to i−1 will be sorted.… - [Guided Transmission Media](https://techarge.in/guided-transmission-media/): In this article, you’ll learn about Guided Transmission Media, Advantage of guided media, Disadvantage of guided media and more. Guided Media Guided Media is also known as Wired or Bounded transmission media. A signal travelling the media is directed and confined by the physical limits of the medium. Advantage of guided media Disadvantage of guided media Three Types of Guided Media There are three types of guided media which are Twisted-Pair Cable, Coaxial Cable and Fiber-Optic Cable are explained below. 1.Twisted-Pair Cable Twisted-Pair Cable consists of two insulated conductors wire wound (normally copper), twisted together. In which one wire is to carry the signal to destination and other is used as a ground… - [C++ Program to implements Constructor Overloading](https://techarge.in/cpp-program-to-implements-constructor-overloading/): Let’s see an program to implements constructor overloading. Output - [The Lifecycle of a JSP](https://techarge.in/the-lifecycle-of-a-jsp/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about The Lifecycle of a JSP, which haves phases like Translation of JSP Page , Compilation of JSP Page, Classloading , Instantiation and more. The lifecycle of a JavaServer Pages follow these phases: Creating a simple JSP Page To create the first JSP page, write some HTML code as given below, and save it by .jsp extension. We have saved this file as index.jsp. Put it in a folder and paste the folder in the web-apps directory in apache tomcat to run the JSP page.index.jsp Let’s see the simple example of JSP where we are… - [5+ Best Humanoid Robots In The World](https://techarge.in/5-best-humanoid-robots-in-the-world/): There are an endless number of things to discover about robotics. A lot of it is just too fantastic for people to believe. Humanoid robot, also known as android, is an artificial creature designed to perform human-like activities such as walking, talking, playing, interacting, etc. Sometimes it can resemble human appearance, sometimes it just resembles human body showing metal and wires In 2018, the sales of robots were 422,000 units and in 2019 it was noted as 373,000 units. Though, each robot is different of its kind. But the top humanoid robots of the world are listed below Top Humanoid… - [Java Program to print a number](https://techarge.in/java-program-to-print-a-number/): Program to print a number, after taking number as a input. What You get as Output , After running the program - [Knowledge Management](https://techarge.in/knowledge-management/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is knowledge management, a process of creating, storing, using and sharing knowledge within an organization. What is knowledge management? Knowledge management (KM) is the process of identifying, organizing, storing and disseminating information within an organization. When knowledge is not easily accessible within an organization, it can be incredibly costly to a business as valuable time is spent seeking out relevant information versus completing outcome-focused tasks. A knowledge management system (KMS) harnesses the collective knowledge of the organization, leading to better operational efficiencies. These systems are supported by the use of a knowledge base. They are… - [What is Git and GitHub? | Git vs GitHub](https://techarge.in/what-is-git-and-github-git-vs-github/): If you are a programmer, you must have heard about Git and GitHub. This article will not contain any code, here you learn about the fundamentals of theory and concepts which help you in getting started with Git. This is the first article of a series on Git and GitHub. What is Version Control System and its Types ? VCS or version control is a management system that tracks changes in a computer file. It is a software tools that help software teams manage changes to source code over time. As development environments have accelerated, version control systems help software… - [...Rest and ...Spread in Javascript](https://techarge.in/rest-and-spread-in-javascript/): …Rest and …Spread operators introduced in Es6. both have the same syntax ... rest operator and spread operator are prefixed with three dots (…) Let’s first take a look at the rest parameter(…) …Rest operator The rest parameter syntax allows a function to accept an indefinite number of arguments as an array Before the Es6 arguments object of a function is used, the arguments object is not like an array type, Therefore we can not use any array method on arguments objects. Rest in function argument list ( …arg) Let’s take look at the rest parameter of a function Destructuring using rest… - [Closure in DBMS | How to Find Closure](https://techarge.in/closure-in-dbms-how-to-find-closure/): In this article, you’ll learn about Closure in DBMS and how to Find Closure Closure of an Attribute Set- The set of all those attributes which can be functionally determined from an attribute set is called as a closure of that attribute set. Closure of attribute set {X} is denoted as {X}+. Steps to Find Closure of an Attribute Set- Following steps are followed to find the closure of an attribute set- Step 1: Add the attributes contained in the attribute set for which closure is being calculated to the result set. Step 2: Recursively add the attributes to the… - [JavaScript Loops](https://techarge.in/javascript-loops/): In this article you’ll learn about JavaScript Loops . Loops can execute a block of code a number of times. What is Loops ? If you want to run the same code over and over again, each time with a different value and loops are the super power which helps us to do that. For example, suppose we want to print “Hello Stars!!” 10 times. This can be done in two ways, let’s break down above code using For Loop Now, you all got it how loops are quiet useful. Next, what are the different kinds of Loops. Different Kinds of… - [Transmission Media or Communication Channels](https://techarge.in/transmission-media/): In this article, you’ll learn about What is Transmission Media or Communication Channels, Some factors need to be considered for designing the transmission media and more. What is Transmission media? Some factors need to be considered for designing the transmission media Causes Of Transmission Impairment We can group the communication media in two categories Guided Media Guided Media is also known as Wired or Bounded transmission media. A signal travelling the media is directed and confined by the physical limits of the medium. Advantage of guided media Disadvantage of guided media UnGuided Media UnGuided/Wireless Transmission Media transfer electromagnetic waves without using a physical medium or… - [Exception in JAVA](https://techarge.in/exception-in-java/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Exception in JAVA, Types of Exception, Java Exception Hierarchy and more. Types of Exception 1. Compile Time Exception — Checked Exception All exceptions other than Runtime Exceptions are known as Checked exceptions as the compiler checks them during compilation to see whether the programmer has handled them or not. If these exceptions are not handled/declared in the program, you will get compilation error. 2. Run Time Exception — Unchecked Exception These exceptions are not checked at compile-time so compiler does not check whether the programmer has handled them or not but it’s the responsibility… - [Decay, Bayes Update, Double Pendulum problem and Oscilloscope in Matplotlib using Python](https://techarge.in/python-decay-bayes-update-double-pendulum-problem-and-oscilloscope-in-matplotlib/): In this article, you’ll learn about Decay, Bayes Update, Double Pendulum problem and Oscilloscope in Matplotlib using Python. Decay in Matplotlib Matplotlib can be used to visualize exponential decay, a phenomenon where a quantity decreases over time at a rate proportional to its current value. This is often depicted as a curve that gradually approaches zero. Output: This example showcases : – using a generator to drive an animation, – changing axes limits during an animation. The Bayes Update in Matplotlib Matplotlib facilitates the visualization of Bayesian inference, a statistical method for updating beliefs about a parameter based on new… - [Introduction to C Programming Language](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-c-programming-language/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about What is C , Why to Learn , Facts about C , and its application. It can be used to develop software like operating systems, databases, compilers, and so on. C programming is an excellent language to learn to program for beginners. Why Learn C Programming? C programming language is a MUST for students and working professionals to become great Software Engineers especially when they are working in Software Development Domain. Some of the key advantages of learning C Programming: C helps you to understand the internal architecture of a computer, how the computer stores… - [LUCKNOW BCA 4 SEM QUESTION PAPERS](https://techarge.in/lucknow-bca-4-sem-question-papers/): LUCKNOW BCA 4 SEM QUESTION PAPERS 2018 BCA-4-SEM-COMPUTER-GRAPHICS-AND-MULTIMEDIA-APPLICATION-6491-2018 BCA-4-SEM-GRAPH-THEORY-6495-2018 BCA-4-SEM-OPERATING-SYSTEM-6492-2018 BCA-4-SEM-OPTIMIZATION-TECHNIQUES-6494-2018 BCA-4-SEM-SOFTWARE-ENGINEERING-6493-2018 2017 COMING SOON 2016 COMMING SOON - [Google Cloud Platform](https://techarge.in/google-cloud-platform/): In this, article you’ll learn about What is Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Why Google Cloud Platform, Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a service. Cloud computing is defined as the services offered through remote servers on the internet. These services might include database storage, applications, compute power and other IT resources over the pay-as-you-go pricing approach. The remote server allows users to save, modify, or process data on the internet or cloud-based platform instead of storing it on a local server or their devices. Cloud computing is evolving due to fast performance, better manageability, and… - [Arduino UNO Distance Project with Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04](https://techarge.in/arduino-uno-distance-project-with-ultrasonic-sensor-hc-sr04/): In this article you’ll learn, how to make Arduino UNO Distance Project with Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 to calculate distance between Ultra Sonic HC-SR04 device and an object In this project, we will use a Processing app to display the distance between Ultra Sonic device and object on the Laptop’s (Monitor) screen. Circuit Diagram Resources required Procedure The working principle of Ultra Sonic HC-SR04 The Ultra Sonic HC-SR04 emits ultrasound at 40,000Hz that travels in the air. If there is an object or obstacle in its path, then it collides and bounces back to the Ultra Sonic module. The formula distance =… - [String in Python](https://techarge.in/string-in-python/): As string is an datatype .Here you come to know about how to create a string and different operation on String. How to Create a String in Python You can create a string in three ways using single, double or triple quotes. Here’s an example of every option: Basic Python String IMP! Whichever option you choose, you should stick to it and use it consistently within your program. As the next step, you can use the print() function to output your string in the console window. This lets you review your code and ensure that all functions well. Here’s a… - [Introduction to Java Programming](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-java-programming/): Java is one of the most popular programming languages. This tutorial helps you learn about programming fundamentals and core concepts, such as loops, functions, and classes, and learn how to use them to create programs in Java. Along the way, we will be using real-world examples. Let’s get started learning Java. Java is a very commonly used programming language, and it is often the first language beginners learn. When we say “programming language,” we do mean that it is an actual language, but we use it to talk to a computer. Just like a regular language, it has a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules, so that it can communicate… - [What is a Flowchart with Example](https://techarge.in/what-is-a-flowchart-with-example/): Flowchart is a tools to explain the process of a program. In this article, a flowchart and how to create a flowchart to illustrate the algorithm visually. What is Flowchart? A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm. A flowchart can be helpful for both writing programs and explaining the program to others. Symbols Used In Flowchart Purpose Description Symbol Terminal/Terminator Represents the start and the end of a flowchart. Process Used for arithmetic operations and data-manipulations. Decision Used for decision making between two or more alternatives. Document Used to represent the document. Data, or Input/Output Used for input… - [Terms related to Network Security](https://techarge.in/terms-related-to-network-security/): In this article, you’ll learn about Commonly used terms related to Network Security such as Malware, Virus, Worm, Botnet, Dos and more. What is Malware? Malicious is software that is specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain authorized access to a computer system. Much of the malware out there today is self-replicating: once it infects one host, from that host it seeks entry into other hosts over the Internet, and from the newly infected hosts, it seeks entry into yet more hosts. In this manner, self-replicating malware can spread exponentially fast. What is Virus ?  A malware that requires some… - [Intranet Application Case Studies](https://techarge.in/intranet-application-case-studies/): Intranet applications have become increasingly popular in recent years, offering companies a way to improve communication, collaboration, and productivity within their organizations. In this article, we will look at some case studies of companies that have successfully implemented intranet applications to enhance their business operations. Case Study 1: Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, one of the world’s largest beverage companies, implemented an intranet application called “The Coca-Cola Company Portal” in 2009. The portal was designed to provide employees with a centralized location for accessing company news, resources, and applications. It includes a personalized dashboard that displays relevant information based on an employee’s job… - [How to Write a Synopsis for Project Work](https://techarge.in/how-to-write-a-synopsis-for-project-work/): First, you need to know what the project synopsis is and what is the main purpose of writing a synopsis is, What things should a synopsis include and what things should not be mentioned in the synopsis for the project? How to Prepare Project Synopsis The term project synopsis mainly defines the core of any project dealing with. To understand and have a brief idea regarding the project, the synopsis of the project works well. The projects can be of any type, be it academics or professional, preparing a synopsis is very much essential. The length of the synopsis should… - [How to create an Object in Java](https://techarge.in/how-to-create-an-object-in-java/): The object is a basic building block of an OOPs language. In Java, we cannot execute any program without creating an object. There is various way to create an object in Java ,here we are going to know one of easy way to create an object using new keyword. To create an object of MyClass, specify the class name, followed by the object name, and use the keyword new: Example Create an object called “myObj” and print the value of x: Multiple Objects You can create multiple objects of one class: Example Create two objects of Main: - [Threads in Java](https://techarge.in/threads-in-java/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Threads in Java, Why thread is used in Java, Java Thread Benefits and How to create a thread in Java, and more. Java Thread Benefits Creating a Thread There are two ways to create a thread. It can be created by extending the Thread class and overriding its run() method: Another way to create a thread is to implement the Runnable interface: - [C Program to Find Largest Element in an Array](https://techarge.in/c-program-to-find-largest-element-in-an-array/): In this tutorial, we will write a C Program to Find Largest Element in an Array. An example program is shown below The main thing to note here is that we are passing the reference of an array to the function and if the user changes the value of array in the function it will also be changed in the main program. For example, we have assigned the value “999” to the index”0” of an array in the function “returnMax”; and shown in figure 1 when we output the array the value at index “0” is changed to “999” Output… - [Cryptography](https://techarge.in/cryptography/): The cryptography is a complex field that needs knowledge of mathematics, electronics, and programming. The need and desire for private and secret communication are necessary for the military communication systems. The study of various ways to disguise messages in order to avoid interception from an unauthorized interception is known as Cryptography. Components of Cryptography Sender Encryption Network Decryption Receiver Plaintext : The Original message produced by the sender is called Plaintext. Ciphertext : The plaintext is transformed into ciphertext. Decryption : Decryption is a process which is exactly opposite to encryption. Ciphers : The encryption and decryption algorithm together are… - [Prutor Python Quiz 5](https://techarge.in/prutor-python-quiz-5/): Use these online Prutor Python Quiz as a fun way for you to check your learning progress and to test your skills. Have you found this platform useful ? Don’t forget to share with your love one’s ! PYTHON TUTORIAL JAVA TUTORIAL - [C Function](https://techarge.in/c-function/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about C Function, types of function, why use function and Passing value to functions. Sometimes our program gets bigger in size, and its not possible for a programmer to track which piece of code is doing what. The function is a way to break our code into chunks so that it is possible for a programmer to reuse them. or we can say that, Function is a part of program that invoked by another part of a program. Example and syntax of a function Function prototype Function prototype is a way to tell the compiler… - [Application of E-commerce](https://techarge.in/application-of-e-commerce/): E-commerce has revolutionized the way we shop. But its reach extends far beyond just online retail. Businesses of all sizes are leveraging e-commerce applications to streamline operations, enhance customer experiences, and open new avenues for growth. Some of the key applications of e-commerce are as follows 1. Conversational Commerce: A Chatty Shopping Experience Imagine browsing a store and having a real-time conversation with a helpful assistant. Conversational commerce, powered by chatbots and messaging apps, brings this convenience online. Businesses can answer customer questions, provide product recommendations, and even facilitate purchases – all through a chat window. 2. Digital Wallets: A… - [Best Microcontroller Boards for Engineers and Geeks](https://techarge.in/best-microcontroller-boards-for-engineers-and-geeks/): In this article, you learn about Best Microcontroller Boards for Engineers and Geeks and more. Microcontrollers exist in mobile phones, washing machines, TV remotes, air conditioners, and many other gadgets that you use on a daily basics they include Microcontroller Boards in which Micro-controllers are fixed. There are some mostly used Micro-controller Boards by Engineers and Geeks, world wide. 1. Arduino Uno R3 Microcontroller Board Electronics and technology company Arduino released the R3 version of Arduino Uno in 2011. It is based on the chip named ATmega328P (open-source board). The board has various I/O pins with which you can interface… - [Heap Sort](https://techarge.in/heap-sort/): Heaps can be used in sorting an array. In max-heaps, maximum element will always be at the root. Heap Sort uses this property of heap to sort the array. Consider an array Arr which is to be sorted using Heap Sort. Initially build a max heap of elements in Arr. The root element, that is Arr[1], will contain maximum element of Arr. After that, swap this element with the last element of Arr and heapify the max heap excluding the last element which is already in its correct position and then decrease the length of heap by one. Repeat the step 2, until all the elements are… - [Difference between abstract class and interface](https://techarge.in/difference-between-abstract-class-and-interface/): In this article you’ll come to know about Difference between abstract class and interface in Java. Abstract class and interface both are used to achieve abstraction where we can declare the abstract methods. Abstract class and interface both can’t be instantiated. Difference between abstract class and interface But there are many differences between abstract class and interface that are given below.  Abstract class Interface 1  An abstract class can extend only one class or one abstract class at a time.  An interface can extend any number of interfaces at a time 2  An abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract class  An interface can… - [C++ Classes and Objects](https://techarge.in/cpp-classes-and-objects/): C++ Class Class is a user-defined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class. A C++ class is like a blueprint for an object. We can think of a class as a sketch (prototype) of a house. It contains all the details about the floors, doors, windows, etc. Based on these descriptions we build the house. House is the object. Create a Class A class is defined in C++ using keyword class followed by the name of the class. The body of the class is defined… - [How to set Temporary and Permanent Paths in Java](https://techarge.in/how-to-set-temporary-and-permanent-paths-in-java/): In this article, you’ll learn How to set Temporary and Permanent Paths in Java. After installing Java there are some environment variables that need to be set. If the Java source file is inside the JDK/bin folder, the path is not required to be set because the tools like javac, java are inside the current folder.But if the java source file is outside the JDK/bin folder, the path is required to be set in order to execute java source file.There are two ways to set java path: Setup For Setting Environment Variable for java in Windows Here is a way to add… - [Java Variables](https://techarge.in/java-variables/): In this tutorial, we will learn about Java variables with the help of examples. A variable is a container that holds the value while the Java program is executed. A variable is assigned with a data type. Variable is a name of memory location. There are three types of variables in java: local, instance, and static. There are two types of data types in Java: primitive and non-primitive. Variable Variable is name of reserved area allocated in memory. In other words, it is a name of memory location. It is a combination of “vary + able” that means its value can be changed. How to declare a… - [Life Cycle of a Servlet (Servlet Life Cycle)](https://techarge.in/life-cycle-of-a-servlet-servlet-life-cycle/): In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Life Cycle of a Servlet (Servlet Life Cycle). Servlet life cycle can be described as a series of steps through which a servlet goes during its life span, starting from loading till it gets destroyed.Let’s have look on these steps : Syntax of init() method : Syntax of service() method : Syntax of destroy() method : - [Tic-Tac-Toe using Python: A Classic Game, Coded!](https://techarge.in/tic-tac-toe-using-python/): In this article, you’ll learn how to build Tic-Tac-Toe using Python and more. Tic-Tac-Toe using Python game is very popular amongst all of us and even fun to build as a Python project. I am pretty sure most of us know how to play it but let me give a quick brush up.  If you are not familiar with Tic-Tac-Toe, play it visually here to understand. Don’t worry, even if you don’t understand it, we are going to see it. Tic-Tac-Toe, a game of strategy and simple fun, is a perfect project for beginners learning Python. It allows you to apply fundamental… - [Physical Structures of Network](https://techarge.in/physical-structures-of-network/): In this article, you’ll learn about the Physical Structures of networks, Types of Connection, and Physical typologies along with advantages and dis-advantages. In physical structures, we need to define some network attributes. Type of Connection (Line configuration) There are two possible types of connections: 1. Point-to-Point A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices. The entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between those two devices. Most point-to-point connections use an actual length of wire or cable to connect the two ends, but other options, such as microwave or satellite links, are also possible. When you… - [Economics Notes Part II](https://techarge.in/economics-notes-part-ii/): Topics covered in the PDF are: Circular flow of income in four sector Trade cycle Expansion Recession National Income National Income Concepts and many more …. - [Python Libraries](https://techarge.in/python-libraries/): In this article, you’ll learn about Python libraries, which save your time and effort, write less do more with libraries. List of Python Libraries Python Libraries Python Libraries Python Libraries - [HTML meta-tag](https://techarge.in/html-meta-tag/): HTML meta-tag is used to represent the metadata about the HTML document. It helps search engines to know about the webpages. It specifies page description, keywords, copyright, language, author of the documents, etc. The metadata does not display on the webpage, but it is read by search engines, browsers, and other web services which scan the site or webpage to know about the webpage. How to add Meta Tags to Documents(Web page) Metadata to are added to your web pages by placing <meta> tags inside the header of the document which is represented by <head> and </head> tags. For Example It can be used… - [Session Tracking Using Servlet](https://techarge.in/session-tracking-using-servlet/): A session is a collection of HTTP request , over a period of time. A session is specific to the user and for each user a new session is created to track all the request from the user. In servlet session tracking can used to track the user state. Session tracking is also known as session handling, it is a mechanism used to maintain the state of a user within a series of requests across some period. We can say that session tracking is a means to keep track of session data. This data represents the data being transferred in a session.… - [Switching in Computer Network](https://techarge.in/switching-in-computer-network/): In this article, you’ll learn about Switching in Computer Network, Advantages of Switching, Disadvantages of Switching, Types of Switching and more. Advantages of Switching Disadvantages of Switching Types of Switching How Does Switch Work The switch generally involves the following steps Why is Switching Required Here are the following reasons that define why switching is needed: - [Normalization in DBMS](https://techarge.in/normalization-in-dbms/): Normalization is the process of organizing the data in the database. It is used to reduce redundancy from a relation or set of relations. It is also used to eliminate the abnormalities of Insertion, Update, and Deletion. Normalization divides the larger table into the smaller table and links them using relationships. Here are type of normal forms: First normal form(1NF) Second normal form(2NF) Third normal form(3NF) Boyce & Codd normal form (BCNF) Normal Form Description 1NF A relation is in 1NF if it contains an atomic value (not having multiple-valued attributes). 2NF A relation will be in 2NF if it… - [Things android users should know](https://techarge.in/things-android-users-must-should-know/): Hello everyone, I hope you’re all doing well. According to various reports, Google’s Android is a mobile operating system built on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software. It’s the most popular mobile OS worldwide. Android is an ‘open’ operating system, which essentially means that smartphone manufacturers are free to alter it to work in any way they want, and anyone can release apps for it. which makes them prone to malware and virus.So,Here are some things you should know as Android User. 1. Don’t install software from unknown sources Go to the setting not allow… - [AWS Cloud Practitioner Quiz with Answers  ](https://techarge.in/aws-cloud-practitioner-quiz-with-answers/): Question related to AWS Cloud Practitioner. Help you to understand , what type of question are asked in the exam. The AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C03) exam is a foundational certification that assesses a candidate’s understanding of AWS Cloud, services, and terminology. It’s intended for people who want to improve their skills or start a new career in the cloud, such as those with no prior IT experience or line-of-business employees. Question 1: Which service is used to quickly deploy and scale applications on AWS? Question 2: Which actions can you perform in Amazon Route 53? (Select TWO.) Question 3: Which AWS… - [AWS-IAM](https://techarge.in/aws-iam/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is AWS IAM, and the Features of IAM. The Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud provides a safe environment for users to launch their applications. AWS security offers users a high level of data protection at a lesser cost than an on-premises system. There are many different sorts of security services, but one of the most popular is Identity and Access Management (IAM). AWS IAM allows you to securely manage your users’ access to AWS services and resources. You may use IAM to create and manage AWS users and groups, as well as use permissions to grant or deny access to AWS services. Components of IAM IAM also has other fundamental components. First, there’s the user; a group is made up of several users. Policies are the engines that determine whether… - [Arguments in Java with Examples](https://techarge.in/arguments-in-java-with-examples/): An argument is a value passed to a function when the function is called. Whenever any function is called during the execution of the program there are some values passed with the function. These values are called arguments. An argument when passed with a function replaces those variables which were used during the function definition and the function is then executed with these values. Types of Arguments Actual arguments: The arguments that are passed in a function call are called actual arguments. These arguments are defined in the calling function. Formal arguments: The formal arguments are the parameters/arguments in a function… - [C++ Program to Find LCM and HCF(GCD) of Two Numbers](https://techarge.in/cpp-program-to-find-lcm-and-hcf-gcd-of-two-numbers/): Here, you will learn how to find and print LCM and HCF (GCD) of any given two numbers by the user at run-time in C++. Here is the list of programs, you will go through: Find LCM of Two Numbers using while Loop Find HCF of Two Numbers using while Loop Find LCM and HCF of Two numbers using for loop using Function C++ Find LCM of Two Numbers To find the LCF of two numbers in C++ programming, you have to ask from user to enter the two number. Then find and print its LCM on output as shown… - [Introduction to System Analysis and Design](https://techarge.in/introduction-to-system-analysis-and-design/): In this article, you’ll learn about what is System Analysis and System Design and they are different from each other. System Development can be generally be thought of as having two major components: System Analysis: System Analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the system. This is the job of a system analyst. System Design: System design is the process of planning a new system or one to replace complement an existing system. But before this planning can be done, we must understand the old system and determine,… - [How to Check version of Java installed in System ?](https://techarge.in/how-to-check-version-of-java-installed-in-system/): Command Prompt, class, class path, java version - [JAVA Interview Questions](https://techarge.in/java-interview-questions/): Java interview Questions . Topic wise Java Questions . Basics . OOPS, JSP ,JDBC and many more . Java is a general-purpose, class-based, object-oriented programming language designed for having lesser implementation dependencies. It is a computing platform for application development.  Q1. Explain JDK, JRE and JVM? JDK JRE JVM It stands for Java Development Kit. It stands for Java Runtime Environment. It stands for Java Virtual Machine. It is the tool necessary to compile, document and package Java programs. JRE refers to a runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed. It is an abstract machine. It is a specification… - [OOPs Concepts in Java](https://techarge.in/oops-concepts-in-java/): In this article, you’ll learn about OOPs Concepts in Java such as class, object, inheritance, Encapsulation, hiding, polymorphism. OOP meaning “Object Oriented Programming” is a popularly known and widely used concept in modern programming languages like Java. General OOPs concepts in Java 1) Class in Java The class is one of the Basic concepts of OOPs which is a group of similar entities. It is only a logical component and not the physical entity. Lets understand this one of the OOPs Concepts with example, if you had a class called “Expensive Cars” it could have objects like Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, etc.… - [RSA Algorithm](https://techarge.in/rsa-algorithm/): In this article you’ll learn about (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) RSA Algorithm and implementation of RSA algorithm using C program. RSA algorithm is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm. Asymmetric actually means that it works on two different keys i.e. Public Key and Private Key. As the name describes that the Public Key is given to everyone and the Private key is kept private. The principle of RSA is based upon the fact that if it is easy to multiply two prime numbers but it is very difficult to factor the product and get them back. The algorithm is as follows : N=AXB T=(A-1)(B-1) D=E-1 Mod(T) C= ME Mod(N)… - [The JSP API](https://techarge.in/the-jsp-api/): The JSP API consists of two packages: javax.servlet.jsp javax.servlet.jsp.tagext javax.servlet.jsp package The javax.servlet.jsp package has two interfaces and classes.The two interfaces are as follows: JspPage HttpJspPage The classes are as follows: JspWriter PageContext JspFactory JspEngineInfo JspException JspError The JspPage interface According to the JSP specification, all the generated servlet classes must implement the JspPage interface. It extends the Servlet interface. It provides two life cycle methods. Methods of JspPage interface public void jspInit(): It is invoked only once during the life cycle of the JSP when JSP page is requested firstly. It is used to perform initialization. It is same as… - [Requirement Analysis](https://techarge.in/system-analysis-and-design-requirement-analysis/): Requirement analysis also called requirements engineering, is a process of determining user expectations for a new or a modified product. These features, called Requirement, must be quantifiable, relevant, and detailed. In software engineering, such requirements are often called functional specifications. Requirement analysis involves frequent communication with system users to determine specific features expectations, resolution of conflict or ambiguity in requirement as demanded by the various users or group of users, avoidance of feature creep, and documentation of all aspects of the project’s development process from start to finish. Types of Requirement Different types of Requirement are as follows: System Requirement… - [SQL Datatypes](https://techarge.in/sql-datatypes/): Data types tells about the nature of the data that can be stored in the database table. SQL data types can be broadly divided into following categories. 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