C++ Structure

In this article, you’ll learn about C++ Structure (User-defined datatypes ) with the help of Example.

Structure is a collection of variables of different data types under a single name. It allows different variables to be accessed by using a single pointer to the structure.

How to declare a structure in C++ programming?

The struct keyword defines a structure type followed by an identifier (name of the structure).

Then inside the curly braces, you can declare one or more members (declare variables inside curly braces) of that structure.

//Syntax for structure

struct structure_name   
{  
    data_type member1;  
    data_type member2;  
    .  
    .  
    data_type memeber;  
};

How to define a structure variable?

Once you declare a structure. You can define a structure variable as

SYNTAX

structure_name variable_name;

When structure variable is defined, only then the required memory is allocated by the compiler.

How to access members of a structure?

The members of structure variable is accessed using a dot (.) operator.

Suppose, you want to access House of structure variable room_no and assign it 50 to it. You can perform this task by using following code below:

House.room_no = 50;

Advantages

• It can hold variables of different data types.
• We can create objects containing different types of attributes.
• It allows us to re-use the data layout across programs.
• It is used to implement other data structures like linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs etc.

Example: C++ Structure

C++ Program to assign data to members of a structure variable and display it.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Person
{
    char name[50];
    int age;
    float salary;
};

int main()
{
    Person p1;
    
    cout << "Enter Full name: ";
    cin.get(p1.name, 50);
    cout << "Enter age: ";
    cin >> p1.age;
    cout << "Enter salary: ";
    cin >> p1.salary;

    cout << "\nDisplaying Information." << endl;
    cout << "Name: " << p1.name << endl;
    cout <<"Age: " << p1.age << endl;
    cout << "Salary: " << p1.salary;

    return 0;
}

Output

Enter Full name: Magdalena Dankova
Enter age: 27
Enter salary: 1024.4

Displaying Information.
Name: Magdalena Dankova
Age: 27
Salary: 1024.4

Here a structure Person is declared which has three members name, age and salary.